Select the option that is related to the fifth term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term and the fourth term is related to the third term. NORMAL ∶ PQTOCN ∶∶ REGARD ∶ TGICTF ∶∶ TRAVEL ∶ ?
VTCXGN
Understanding Letter Analogies and Patterns
This question presents an analogy where the relationship between two words in the first pair is the same as the relationship between words in the second pair and the third pair. We need to figure out this relationship or pattern and apply it to the fifth word to find the sixth word.
Analyzing the First Analogy Pair: NORMAL ∶ PQTOCN
Let's look at how each letter in 'NORMAL' changes to the corresponding letter in 'PQTOCN'. We can look at the position of each letter in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, C=3, ..., Z=26).
- N is the 14th letter. P is the 16th letter. \(14 + 2 = 16\).
- O is the 15th letter. Q is the 17th letter. \(15 + 2 = 17\).
- R is the 18th letter. T is the 20th letter. \(18 + 2 = 20\).
- M is the 13th letter. O is the 15th letter. \(13 + 2 = 15\).
- A is the 1st letter. C is the 3rd letter. \(1 + 2 = 3\).
- L is the 12th letter. N is the 14th letter. \(12 + 2 = 14\).
It appears the pattern is to shift each letter two positions forward in the alphabet.
Verifying the Pattern with the Second Analogy Pair: REGARD ∶ TGICTF
Let's check if the same "+2" pattern applies to 'REGARD' and 'TGICTF'.
- R (18) + 2 = T (20)
- E (5) + 2 = G (7)
- G (7) + 2 = I (9)
- A (1) + 2 = C (3)
- R (18) + 2 = T (20)
- D (4) + 2 = F (6)
The pattern is confirmed. Each letter in the first word is shifted two positions forward in the alphabet to get the corresponding letter in the second word.
Applying the Pattern to the Fifth Term: TRAVEL
Now, we apply the same "+2" shift pattern to each letter in 'TRAVEL' to find the missing term.
- T (20) + 2 = V (22)
- R (18) + 2 = T (20)
- A (1) + 2 = C (3)
- V (22) + 2 = X (24)
- E (5) + 2 = G (7)
- L (12) + 2 = N (14)
Shifting each letter of TRAVEL forward by 2 positions gives us VTCXGN.
Checking the Options
Let's compare our result, VTCXGN, with the given options:
| Option | Word | Matches Pattern? |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | VTCXFN | No (last letter should be N) |
| 2 | VTCWGN | No (4th letter should be X) |
| 3 | VTCXGN | Yes |
| 4 | VTCXGM | No (last letter should be N) |
Option 3, VTCXGN, matches the word we derived by applying the "+2" letter shift pattern.
Conclusion
The relationship between the first and second terms, and the third and fourth terms, is that each letter in the first word is shifted two positions forward in the alphabet to form the second word. Applying this pattern to 'TRAVEL' gives us 'VTCXGN'.
Revision Table: Letter Shifting Analogy
| Original Word | Letter | Position | Shift (+2) | New Position | New Letter | Result Word |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NORMAL | N | 14 | +2 | 16 | P | PQTOCN |
| O | 15 | +2 | 17 | Q | ||
| R | 18 | +2 | 20 | T | ||
| M | 13 | +2 | 15 | O | ||
| A | 1 | +2 | 3 | C | ||
| L | 12 | +2 | 14 | N | ||
| REGARD | R | 18 | +2 | 20 | T | TGICTF |
| E | 5 | +2 | 7 | G | ||
| G | 7 | +2 | 9 | I | ||
| A | 1 | +2 | 3 | C | ||
| R | 18 | +2 | 20 | T | ||
| D | 4 | +2 | 6 | F | ||
| TRAVEL | T | 20 | +2 | 22 | V | VTCXGN |
| R | 18 | +2 | 20 | T | ||
| A | 1 | +2 | 3 | C | ||
| V | 22 | +2 | 24 | X | ||
| E | 5 | +2 | 7 | G | ||
| L | 12 | +2 | 14 | N |
Additional Information: Types of Letter Analogies
Letter analogies in reasoning questions can follow various patterns, including:
- Position Shift: Shifting letters forward or backward by a fixed number of positions (like in this question, +2).
- Reverse Order: Reversing the letters of the word.
- Skipping Letters: Using a pattern like skipping one letter, then two, etc.
- Vowel/Consonant Patterns: Changing vowels or consonants based on specific rules.
- Combination of Patterns: Applying different rules to different letters within the word or combining shifting with reversal.
- Alphabetical Order: Arranging letters of the word in alphabetical order.
Solving these requires careful observation and testing different common letter patterns.
Important Questions from Miscellaneous
A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20 m high building with a speed of 12 m/s. It hits the ground at a distance R from the building. Taking g = 10 m/s2 and neglecting air resistance will give :
A sphere of volume V is made of a material with lower density than water. While on Earth, it floats on water with its volume f1V (f1 < 1) submerged. On the other hand, on a spaceship accelerating with acceleration a < g (g is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth) in outer space, its submerged volume in water is f2V. Then:
A railway wagon (open at the top) of mass M1 is moving with speed v1 along a straight track. As a result of rain, after some time it gets partially filled with water so that the mass of the wagon becomes M2 and speed becomes v2. Taking the rain to be falling vertically and the water stationery inside the wagon, the relation between the two speeds v1 and v2 is :
Consider the following statements:
1. Distance between the longitudes becomes zero on North Pole and South Pole.
2. Distance between the longitudes is maximum on the Equator.
3. Number of longitudes is more than number of latitudes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
One block of 2⋅0 kg mass is placed on top of another block of 3⋅0 kg mass. The coefficient of static friction between the two blocks is 0⋅2. The bottom block is pulled with a horizontal force F such that both the blocks move together without slipping. Taking acceleration due to gravity as 10 m/s2, the maximum value of the frictional force is :
