Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice. She has written many books.
Many books have been written by her.
Understanding Active and Passive Voice Conversion
This question asks us to convert a sentence from active voice to passive voice. The original sentence is "She has written many books."
What is Active and Passive Voice?
- Active Voice: In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. The structure is typically: Subject + Verb + Object.
- Example: She (Subject) has written (Verb) many books (Object).
- Passive Voice: In passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action. The structure is typically: Object + Be verb + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject (optional).
- Example: Many books (Subject/Object in active) have been written (Be verb + V3) by her (by + Subject in active).
Converting Present Perfect Tense to Passive Voice
The original sentence "She has written many books" is in the present perfect tense (Subject + has/have + V3 + Object).
To convert a sentence in the present perfect tense from active to passive voice, we follow this structure:
\(\text{Object} + \text{has/have} + \text{been} + \text{V3 (Past Participle)} + \text{by} + \text{Subject}\)
Step-by-Step Conversion
- Identify the Subject, Verb, and Object in the Active Sentence:
- Subject: She
- Verb: has written (present perfect)
- Object: many books
- Move the Object to the Subject Position in the Passive Sentence:
- The new subject is "Many books".
- Choose the Correct Form of "has/have":
- Since the new subject "Many books" is plural, we use "have".
- Add "been" after "has/have":
- This is required for the present perfect passive structure.
- Use the Past Participle (V3) of the Verb:
- The V3 of "write" is "written".
- Add "by" followed by the original Subject (in object form):
- The object form of "She" is "her". So we add "by her".
Combining these steps, the passive voice sentence is: "Many books have been written by her."
Analyzing the Options
Let's look at the given options based on our conversion:
| Option | Sentence | Analysis |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many books were writing her. | Incorrect tense (Past Continuous Active) and meaning. |
| 2 | Many books were being written by her. | Incorrect tense (Past Continuous Passive). |
| 3 | Many book have written her. | Incorrect subject-verb agreement ("book" instead of "books") and incorrect structure/meaning (Active Voice with the wrong subject). |
| 4 | Many books have been written by her. | Correct tense (Present Perfect Passive) and structure matching our derived sentence. |
Based on the analysis, Option 4 correctly expresses the original sentence in the passive voice.
Revision Table: Active vs. Passive Voice Structures
| Tense | Active Voice Structure | Passive Voice Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | Subject + V1/V1-s/es + Object | Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject |
| Simple Past | Subject + V2 + Object | Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject |
| Simple Future | Subject + will + V1 + Object | Object + will + be + V3 + by + Subject |
| Present Continuous | Subject + is/am/are + V1-ing + Object | Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject |
| Past Continuous | Subject + was/were + V1-ing + Object | Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject |
| Future Continuous | Subject + will + be + V1-ing + Object | No common passive form |
| Present Perfect | Subject + has/have + V3 + Object | Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject |
| Past Perfect | Subject + had + V3 + Object | Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject |
| Future Perfect | Subject + will + have + V3 + Object | Object + will + have + been + V3 + by + Subject |
| Modals | Subject + Modal + V1 + Object | Object + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject |
| Modal Perfect | Subject + Modal + have + V3 + Object | Object + Modal + have + been + V3 + by + Subject |
Additional Information on Voice in English Grammar
Understanding active and passive voice is important for varying sentence structure and emphasizing different parts of a sentence.
- When to use Passive Voice:
- When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.
- When you want to emphasize the action itself or the recipient of the action rather than the doer.
- In scientific or technical writing, to maintain objectivity.
- Agents in Passive Voice: The "by + Subject" part (called the agent) is often omitted in passive sentences if the doer is obvious, unknown, or irrelevant. For example, "Many books have been written."
- Voice in Different Tenses: As shown in the table, the structure of the passive voice changes depending on the tense of the original active sentence. The 'be' verb and the auxiliary verbs (like has/have, had, will, modals) are key to forming the correct passive structure for each tense.
Important Questions from Miscellaneous
A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20 m high building with a speed of 12 m/s. It hits the ground at a distance R from the building. Taking g = 10 m/s2 and neglecting air resistance will give :
A mass is attached to a spring that hangs vertically. The extension produced in the spring is 6 cm on Earth. The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is one-sixth of its value on the surface of the Earth. The extension of the spring on the Moon would be:
Directions: Each item in this section consists of a sentence with an underlined word followed by four words (a), (b), (c), and (d). Select the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response in your Answer Sheet accordingly.
The deluge affected the population.The major source of vitamins and minerals for vegetarians is
Which of the following statements about the Deccan Riots Commission is/are correct?
1. The Commission did not hold enquiries in the districts which were not affected.
2. The Commission did record the statements of ryots, sahukars and eye-witnesses.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
