Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select 'No substitution required'. India has identified a nose-based vaccine against Covid-19 that could be a ‘game-changer’.
a nasal vaccine
Understanding the Question and Options
The question asks us to find the most suitable word or phrase to replace the underlined part of the sentence, which is "a nose-based vaccine". We need to consider the meaning and common usage of the terms provided in the options and compare them to the underlined phrase.
The original sentence talks about a vaccine against Covid-19 that is administered or related to the nose. We are looking for a more precise or standard term for this.
Analyzing the Options
Let's look at each option provided:
- Option 1: No substitution required - This would be correct only if "a nose-based vaccine" is the most appropriate and standard way to describe such a vaccine.
- Option 2: a nasal vaccine - The term "nasal" means relating to the nose. A "nasal vaccine" is a vaccine administered through the nose, often as a spray. This aligns directly with the idea of a "nose-based" vaccine.
- Option 3: a sense-based vaccine - This phrase is very general. It could refer to something related to any of the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch). A vaccine is a medical substance, not something directly related to general sensory perception in this context.
- Option 4: an aural vaccine - The term "aural" relates to the ear or the sense of hearing. An "aural vaccine" would imply administration through or relation to the ear, which is not what "nose-based" means.
Evaluating the Correct Substitute
Comparing the options, the term that specifically relates to the nose in a medical or anatomical context is "nasal". A vaccine designed for or administered via the nose is conventionally called a "nasal vaccine".
The phrase "nose-based vaccine" is descriptive but less formal and less precise than "nasal vaccine". Therefore, substituting "a nose-based vaccine" with "a nasal vaccine" improves the formal language of the sentence while retaining the correct meaning.
Step-by-Step Derivation
- Identify the phrase to be substituted: "a nose-based vaccine".
- Understand the meaning of the phrase: a vaccine related to or administered through the nose.
- Examine each substitution option and its meaning:
- "No substitution required": Keep "a nose-based vaccine".
- "a nasal vaccine": A vaccine related to or administered via the nose.
- "a sense-based vaccine": Too general, related to any sense.
- "an aural vaccine": Related to the ear.
- Determine which option most accurately and formally represents a vaccine related to the nose. "Nasal" is the direct adjective form for "nose".
- Confirm that "a nasal vaccine" is a standard medical term. It is.
- Conclude that "a nasal vaccine" is the most appropriate substitution.
Conclusion
The most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment "a nose-based vaccine" is "a nasal vaccine" because "nasal" is the correct adjective form referring to the nose, commonly used in medical terminology to describe things related to or administered through the nose, such as a vaccine.
| Phrase/Term | Meaning/Relation | Suitability as Substitute |
|---|---|---|
| nose-based | Based in or on the nose; relating to the nose (informal) | Original phrase; could be improved |
| nasal | Relating to the nose (formal, medical) | Directly relevant, formal term |
| sense-based | Based on or relating to any of the five senses | Too general, not specific to nose/vaccine context |
| aural | Relating to the ear or hearing | Incorrect body part |
Revision Table: Vaccine Terminology
Understanding specific terminology is key in many contexts. Here's a quick look at related terms:
| Term | Root Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Nose | Relating to the nose |
| Oral | Mouth (Os) | Relating to the mouth; taken by mouth |
| Aural | Ear (Auris) | Relating to the ear or sense of hearing |
| Ocular | Eye (Oculus) | Relating to the eye or vision |
| Dermal | Skin (Derma) | Relating to the skin |
Additional Information: Nasal Vaccines and Administration
Nasal vaccines are a method of administering vaccines directly into the nasal passages. This route can sometimes provide a different type of immune response compared to injected vaccines, potentially offering protection at the point where many respiratory viruses, like the one causing Covid-19, enter the body. They are typically administered as a spray or drops. Research into nasal vaccines is ongoing for various diseases, including influenza and Covid-19.
Using precise medical or anatomical terms like "nasal" ensures clarity and accuracy, especially in scientific or news contexts.
Important Questions from Phrase Replacement
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