Direction: In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each number. Twenty five years ago, while travelling and teaching in Turkey, Nepal and Iran, Bonnie Bergin noticed self-sufficient disabled people (1) ______ about their daily business, often using donkeys (2) ______ pots, pans and other wares to be sold. (3) ______ later returned to the United States (4) ______ work on a master's degree in special education. "I (5) ______ hard about what could be done to get such (6) ______ out of institutions and onto the streets, getting jobs, (7) ______ it came to me: dogs," says Bergin, (8) ______ today is the originator of the service-dog (9) ______. She ran into fierce resistance (10) ______ academics and professionals at first who said ‘Dogs spread disease’.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank no. 10.
from
Analyzing the Passage and Blank 10
The passage tells the story of Bonnie Bergin and how she was inspired to create the concept of service dogs. The sentence with blank 10 describes the initial challenges she faced:
"She ran into fierce resistance (10) ______ academics and professionals at first who said ‘Dogs spread disease’."
We need to choose the most appropriate word to fill blank 10, indicating the source of the "fierce resistance" she encountered. Let's look at the options provided:
- from
- of
- for
- with
Determining the Correct Preposition for Resistance
The word "resistance" in this context means opposition or a refusal to accept something. When talking about where this opposition originates, we typically use a specific preposition.
Analyzing Option 1: from
Using "from" indicates the source of the action or feeling. "Resistance from academics and professionals" means the resistance originated with or came from these individuals.
- Example: The project faced resistance from the local community. (The community was the source of resistance).
This fits the context of the sentence, where academics and professionals were the ones opposing her idea.
Analyzing Option 2: of
"Of" is used in many ways, often indicating possession, composition, or association. "Resistance of academics and professionals" is not the standard way to express that the resistance came from them. It could potentially imply the resistance that belongs to them, but "resistance from" is much clearer about the source.
- Incorrect usage example in this context: The resistance of the students was strong. (While grammatically possible, "resistance from the students" is more common when the students are the source of the opposition to something external).
Analyzing Option 3: for
"For" usually indicates purpose, benefit, or duration. "Resistance for academics and professionals" would imply resistance on behalf of or for the benefit of these people, which doesn't make sense in the sentence. They are the ones *giving* the resistance, not necessarily benefiting from it or being the purpose of it.
- Incorrect usage example in this context: She fought for resistance. (This means she advocated for the concept of resistance).
Analyzing Option 4: with
"With" often indicates accompaniment or using something. "Resistance with academics and professionals" would imply resistance alongside them or using them in some way, which isn't the intended meaning. They are the source of the resistance.
- Incorrect usage example in this context: He showed resistance with his friends. (This means he showed resistance while accompanied by his friends, or perhaps using them).
Conclusion
Based on the analysis of each option, the preposition "from" is the most appropriate word to indicate that the "fierce resistance" came from the "academics and professionals".
The completed sentence reads: "She ran into fierce resistance from academics and professionals at first..."
Revision Table: Prepositions with "Resistance"
| Preposition | Typical Meaning with "Resistance" | Example Usage |
|---|---|---|
| from | Indicates the source of the resistance (who is resisting). | Resistance from the workers delayed the decision. |
| to | Indicates what is being resisted. | Resistance to change is common. |
| against | Similar to "to", indicates what is being resisted, often implying opposition. | Resistance against the new policy was widespread. |
Additional Information: Understanding Prepositions
Prepositions are small but important words in English that connect nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence, indicating relationships such as location, direction, time, or source. Choosing the correct preposition is crucial for clear and accurate communication.
- Prepositions often follow certain nouns, adjectives, or verbs in fixed phrases (e.g., "depend on", "fond of", "believe in").
- Sometimes, different prepositions can be used with the same word, but they change the meaning (e.g., "arrive in a city" vs. "arrive at the station").
- In the case of "resistance", the preposition "from" clearly identifies the origin of the opposition.
Understanding these patterns and common phrases helps in selecting the most appropriate word in fill-in-the-blank questions like this one.
Important Questions from Cloze Test
What would come in blank space (1)?
What would come in blank space (2)?
What would come in blank space (3)?
What would come in blank space (4)?
What would come in blank space (5)?
