Understanding the Passage and Blank 1

The passage describes the foundational period of Indian nationalism from 1858 to 1905. It highlights how the early nationalists approached building this national consciousness. The first blank requires selecting the most suitable word to complete the phrase describing how these nationalists handled the "seeds" of nationalism.

Let's look at the sentence containing blank 1:

"The period from 1858-1905 was the seed time of Indian nationalism; and the early nationalists (1) ________ the seeds well and deep."

Here, "seeds" is used metaphorically. It represents the ideas, principles, and groundwork for Indian nationalism. The phrase "well and deep" suggests a careful, deliberate action aimed at establishing something firmly so it can grow strong.

Analyzing the Options for Blank 1

We need to choose a verb that fits the action of handling seeds in a way that implies careful planting for strong growth.

• sowed: This verb means to plant seeds by scattering or placing them in the ground. When used with "well and deep," it strongly suggests deliberate and careful planting, aiming for healthy growth and firm roots. This aligns perfectly with the metaphor of establishing nationalism strongly.
• scattered: This verb means to throw things in various directions, often randomly. Scattering seeds might lead to some growth, but it doesn't imply the careful placement suggested by "well and deep." It lacks the sense of intentional cultivation.
• threw: Similar to scattered, throwing seeds implies a less deliberate and less careful action than sowing or planting. It doesn't fit the idea of establishing something "well and deep."
• buried: This verb means to put something underground and cover it, often to hide it or dispose of it. Burying seeds usually prevents them from growing unless done specifically for planting. In the context of establishing nationalism, "buried" would imply hiding or suppressing it, which is the opposite of what the early nationalists did.

Determining the Correct Word for Blank 1

Considering the options and the context of establishing the "seeds" of Indian nationalism "well and deep," the verb that best describes this careful and foundational action is "sowed." The early nationalists actively and deliberately planted the ideas of nationalism firmly, ensuring they would take deep root and grow strong.

Therefore, "sowed" is the most appropriate option to fill blank number 1.

Conclusion

The phrase "sowed the seeds well and deep" is a common idiom that perfectly captures the careful and fundamental work done by the early Indian nationalists to establish the basis for future national movements. The other options do not convey this sense of deliberate, effective planting.

Revision Table: Key Concepts

Additional Information: Early Indian Nationalism Foundations

The passage emphasizes that early Indian nationalism wasn't based on abstract ideas or looking solely to the past. Instead, it was grounded in a practical understanding of British rule and its negative impact on Indian interests.

• Analysis of Imperialism: Early nationalists like Dadabhai Naoroji analyzed the economic drain caused by British rule, providing a concrete basis for criticizing the government.
• Common Programme: By identifying shared grievances related to British policy, they created a political and economic agenda that unified different sections of Indian society, laying the groundwork for broader movements later on.
• Contrast with Other Bases: The passage explicitly states they avoided basing nationalism purely on abstract rights, fleeting emotions, or romanticizing the past, highlighting their pragmatic approach.