Statements:
Some canals are rivers.
Some rivers are oceans.
Some oceans are ponds.
Conclusions:
(I) All ponds are rivers.
(II) All oceans are canals.
Analyzing the Statements
We are given three statements:
- Some canals are rivers.
- Some rivers are oceans.
- Some oceans are ponds.
These statements indicate partial overlaps between the categories (canals, rivers, oceans, ponds). They do not provide information about the totality of any category or definitive relationships between non-adjacent categories.
Evaluating Conclusion (I): All ponds are rivers
The statements mention that 'Some oceans are ponds'. This implies that there exists at least one pond that is also an ocean. However, it does not provide any information about ponds that might not be oceans, nor does it state that all existing ponds must be rivers. Therefore, the conclusion 'All ponds are rivers' cannot be logically deduced from the given statements.
Evaluating Conclusion (II): All oceans are canals
The statements establish connections like 'Some canals are rivers' and 'Some rivers are oceans'. While there's an overlap between rivers and oceans, and between canals and rivers, this doesn't mean that the entire category of 'oceans' is contained within the category of 'canals'. The link is indirect (Canals -> Rivers -> Oceans), and the "some" quantifier prevents making a universal claim ('All oceans'). Thus, the conclusion 'All oceans are canals' does not logically follow.
Verdict
Since neither Conclusion (I) nor Conclusion II can be logically inferred from the given statements, the correct option is that neither conclusion follows.
Important Questions from Syllogism (Notes)
- Disregard commonly known facts. Which conclusion would follow on the basis of given statements only.
Statement: Some bottles are car. some cars are cycle.
Conclusion:
(I) Some bottles are cycle is a possibility
(II) All bottles are cycle
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. - Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All bananas are apples.
All apples are grapes.
Some grapes are oranges.
Conclusions:
(I) All grapes are bananas.
(II) All oranges are apples. Take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow the given statements.
Statements :
0% chairs are tables.
All computers are chairs.
Some books are tables.
Conclusions :
I. Not a single table is a computer.
II. Some books are not chairs.
Directions: Study the following Bar-chart and the data provided to answer the questions that follow: Sales of 3-different companies selling T-Shirts for the years from 2006 to 2009 are given. How much percentage of sales decreased for Brand X T-shirt in 2009 compared with 2007?
Statements:
All herbivores are carnivores.
Some carnivores are omnivores.
Conclusions:
i) Some herbivores are omnivores.
ii) Some carnivores are herbivores.
