'Punaluan' as a form of family has been classified by
The question asks which scholar classified the 'Punaluan' form of family as a specific stage in the evolution of human society. Understanding the different theories about the origins and development of the family is crucial in sociology and anthropology.
Several scholars have proposed theories on the evolution of the family structure. Among the options provided, one is particularly famous for his evolutionary stages of society and family.
Understanding the Punaluan Family Form Classification
The term 'Punaluan family' refers to a specific stage in the proposed evolutionary sequence of family forms. This stage is characterized by the intermarriage of groups of brothers and sisters within specific limitations, a more restricted form of group marriage compared to earlier stages.
The classification of the 'Punaluan' family as a distinct stage is primarily associated with the work of a pioneering anthropologist who studied kinship systems and social evolution.
Analysis of Options
- G. P. Murdock: George P. Murdock was known for his extensive cross-cultural surveys of kinship systems and family structures, identifying common patterns and variations across societies. While influential, he is not primarily credited with classifying the 'Punaluan' family in an evolutionary sequence in the same way as the correct answer.
- P. N. Prabhu: Pandharinath H. Prabhu was an Indian scholar known for his work on Hindu social psychology and Indian social institutions, including the family. His focus was generally different from the evolutionary stages proposed for early human societies.
- L. H. Morgan: Lewis Henry Morgan was a seminal American anthropologist and social theorist. His influential book, "Ancient Society" (1877), proposed a grand theory of social evolution, detailing stages from 'Savagery' through 'Barbarism' to 'Civilization'. Within this framework, he outlined evolutionary stages of the family, starting from promiscuity, moving through various forms of group marriage (including the Punaluan family), and eventually reaching the monogamian family. He explicitly classified the 'Punaluan' family as a key stage in the evolution of kinship and family structures based on his studies, particularly of Native American societies and comparisons with other cultures.
- K. M. Kapadia: Kanaiyalal Motilal Kapadia was another prominent Indian sociologist who studied the Hindu family system in detail. His work focused on the structure and changes within the Indian family rather than a universal evolutionary classification like the 'Punaluan' form.
Based on the analysis of the contributions of these scholars to the study of family and social evolution, the classification of the 'Punaluan' family form is directly attributed to L. H. Morgan.
Morgan's stages of family evolution are generally outlined as follows:
- Consanguine family (intermarriage of brothers and sisters in a group)
- Punaluan family (intermarriage of several brothers to each other's wives in a group, or several sisters to each other's husbands in a group, excluding own siblings)
- Syndyasmian or Pairing family (union of a single pair, but without exclusive cohabitation)
- Patriarchal family (rule of the father, multiple wives)
- Monogamian family (single pair with exclusive cohabitation)
The 'Punaluan' family stage is a specific concept developed and popularized by Morgan in his evolutionary schema.
| Scholar | Key Area of Study / Contribution | Classification of Punaluan Family? |
|---|---|---|
| G. P. Murdock | Cross-cultural family & kinship; functionalism | No (known for comparative analysis, not evolutionary stages like Morgan) |
| P. N. Prabhu | Hindu social psychology; Indian family | No |
| L. H. Morgan | Social evolution; kinship systems; "Ancient Society" | Yes (classified Punaluan as a stage of family evolution) |
| K. M. Kapadia | Hindu family system | No |
Therefore, the scholar who classified 'Punaluan' as a form of family within an evolutionary framework is L. H. Morgan.
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Term | Definition/Significance |
|---|---|
| Punaluan Family | A theoretical stage in the evolution of the family, characterized by a form of group marriage excluding siblings. Proposed by L. H. Morgan. |
| L. H. Morgan | American anthropologist; proposed stages of social and family evolution in "Ancient Society". |
| Ancient Society | Key book by L. H. Morgan detailing his theories on social and family evolution. |
Additional Information: L. H. Morgan's Evolutionary Theory
Lewis Henry Morgan's work on social evolution was highly influential in the 19th century. He believed that societies progressed through distinct stages, driven by technological and economic developments. His stages of Savagery, Barbarism, and Civilization were linked to developments in subsistence and invention (e.g., fire, pottery, agriculture, iron). Corresponding to these societal stages, he proposed an evolution of kinship and family structures, moving from more diffuse to more restricted forms of marriage and descent. The 'Punaluan' family was placed within the stages of Barbarism. Although his specific evolutionary stages are now considered overly simplistic and unilinear by modern anthropology, his detailed study of kinship systems, particularly his fieldwork among the Iroquois, remains a significant contribution.
Important Questions from Miscellaneous
A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20 m high building with a speed of 12 m/s. It hits the ground at a distance R from the building. Taking g = 10 m/s2 and neglecting air resistance will give :
A mass is attached to a spring that hangs vertically. The extension produced in the spring is 6 cm on Earth. The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Moon is one-sixth of its value on the surface of the Earth. The extension of the spring on the Moon would be:
Directions: Each item in this section consists of a sentence with an underlined word followed by four words (a), (b), (c), and (d). Select the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word and mark your response in your Answer Sheet accordingly.
The deluge affected the population.The major source of vitamins and minerals for vegetarians is
Which of the following statements about the Deccan Riots Commission is/are correct?
1. The Commission did not hold enquiries in the districts which were not affected.
2. The Commission did record the statements of ryots, sahukars and eye-witnesses.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
