Prithviraja III defeated an Afghan ruler named ______ in 1191.
Sultan Muhammad Ghori
The question asks about an Afghan ruler who was defeated by Prithviraja III in the year 1191. This historical event refers to the First Battle of Tarain.
Understanding Prithviraja III and His Era
Prithviraja III, also known as Prithviraj Chauhan, was a king of the Chauhan dynasty who ruled Sapadalaksha, with his capital at Ajmer in present-day Rajasthan. He ruled from 1178 to 1192 CE. He was a prominent ruler known for his resistance against invasions from the northwest.
The First Battle of Tarain (1191)
In 1191, Prithviraja III faced an invasion led by the Ghurid ruler, Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam, commonly known as Muhammad Ghori. Muhammad Ghori had captured the fortress of Bathinda, which was located on the frontier of Prithviraja's kingdom. This led to a confrontation between the two rulers near Tarain (modern-day Taraori in Haryana).
In the First Battle of Tarain, Prithviraja III's forces inflicted a severe defeat on Muhammad Ghori's army. Muhammad Ghori himself was wounded and narrowly escaped capture. His army was routed, and Prithviraja's forces recaptured the Bathinda fort.
Analyzing the Options
Let's look at the given options:
- Sultan Mahmud: This likely refers to Mahmud of Ghazni, who conducted several raids into India in the early 11th century, long before Prithviraja III's time (late 12th century).
- Muhammad Ibn Abbas: This name does not correspond to a prominent Afghan or Ghurid ruler known to have fought Prithviraja III.
- Muhammad Ibn Suri: This name is associated with the Ghurid dynasty, but it refers to an earlier ruler (father of Muhammad Ghori's grandfather) who was defeated and killed by Mahmud of Ghazni, not Prithviraja III.
- Sultan Muhammad Ghori: As discussed, Muhammad Ghori was indeed an Afghan (Ghurid) ruler who fought Prithviraja III and was defeated by him in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191.
Based on historical records, the Afghan ruler defeated by Prithviraja III in 1191 was Sultan Muhammad Ghori.
Conclusion
Prithviraja III achieved a significant victory against Sultan Muhammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191. This battle is a key event in the history of medieval India.
Revision Table: Key Figures and Events
| Figure | Associated Event/Period | Relationship with Prithviraja III |
|---|---|---|
| Prithviraja III | Chauhan Dynasty, 12th Century | Defeated Muhammad Ghori in 1191 |
| Sultan Muhammad Ghori | Ghurid Dynasty, 12th Century | Defeated by Prithviraja III in 1191, defeated Prithviraja III in 1192 |
| Mahmud of Ghazni | Ghaznavid Dynasty, 11th Century | Raided India before Prithviraja III's time |
Additional Information on Battles of Tarain
The conflict between Prithviraja III and Muhammad Ghori is most famously remembered for the two battles fought at Tarain:
- First Battle of Tarain (1191): Prithviraja III defeated Muhammad Ghori.
- Second Battle of Tarain (1192): Muhammad Ghori returned with a larger, well-prepared army and defeated Prithviraja III, leading to the decline of the Chauhan power and paving the way for the establishment of Delhi Sultanate rule in North India.
Understanding the outcomes of both battles is crucial for comprehending the transition in the political landscape of North India in the late 12th century.
Important Questions from Rajput states
Under which of the following rulers did Delhi first became a capital?
Who among the following ruler ruled before Prithviraj Chauhan over Delhi?
Who among the following performed a ritual called ‘hiranya-garbha’?
Sisodiya Rajput ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh accepted Mughal services during the reign of _________.
Ballabhgarh became an important trading centre under the leadership of the Jat ruler ________.
