Matching Learning Terms: List-I and List-II

The question requires matching educational terms from List-I with their definitions or descriptions in List-II.

Detailed Matching Analysis:

• Instrumental instruction (a): This refers to a type of learning process focused on establishing habits through consequences (reinforcement or punishment). It guides actions to form specific behaviors. Therefore, it matches with (iii) Type of learning which indicates what to do to bring habit formation.
• Programmed learning (b): This is an educational approach where the learner interacts with a program of instruction, often self-paced, utilizing various teaching tools. It emphasizes learner orientation. Thus, it matches with (iv) Learner oriented system of self education with teaching tools.
• Active learning period (c): This term signifies the duration dedicated to actively engaging in learning activities and achieving specific lesson objectives successfully. It relates directly to the time spent learning effectively. Hence, it matches with (ii) Amount of time spent to learn successfully activity based on objectives of lesson.
• Programmed instruction (d): This method involves structuring learning material into a sequence of small, manageable steps. Each step builds upon the previous one, facilitating a systematic learning process. It matches with (i) Process of arranging material to be learned into a series of sequential steps.

Correct Match Summary:

Based on the analysis, the correct matching is:

• a - (iii)
• b - (iv)
• c - (ii)
• d - (i)

This corresponds to the code a-(iii), b-(iv), c-(ii), d-(i).