Matching Environmental Agreements with Their Focus

The question requires matching international environmental agreements and summits (List – I) with their primary focus or related conventions (List – II).

Explanation of Matches

The correct matching is determined by the objective and scope of each item:

• (a) Montreal Protocol is correctly matched with (i) Ozone depletion. This protocol specifically targets the reduction and elimination of ozone-depleting substances.
• (b) Rio-Summit (also known as the Earth Summit) is correctly matched with (iii) Convention on biological diversity. The summit in 1992 was a major event that led to the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• (c) Ramsar Convention is correctly matched with (iv) Wetlands Convention. The Ramsar Convention is the international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands.
• (d) Kyoto Protocol is correctly matched with (ii) Green House Gas. This protocol commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, primarily targeting climate change mitigation.

Summary of Correct Matches

The correct pairings are:

• Montreal Protocol – Ozone depletion (a-i)
• Rio-Summit – Convention on biological diversity (b-iii)
• Ramsar Convention – Wetlands Convention (c-iv)
• Kyoto Protocol – Green House Gas (d-ii)

This corresponds to the pairing: a-(i), b-(iii), c-(iv), d-(ii).