Match List I with List II List I List II A. I. B. II. C. III. D. IV. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:Supply side of International Trade David Ricardo Demand side of International Trade Bastable and Alfred Marshall Opportunity cost of International Trade G. Haberler Real cost theory of International Trade Alfred Marshall and Edgeworth
A ‐ I, B ‐ IV, C ‐ III, D ‐ II
A–I, B–IV, C–III, D–II. Ricardo’s comparative-cost analysis emphasizes the supply side. Marshall and Edgeworth developed offer-curve analysis incorporating reciprocal demand. Haberler reformulated comparative advantage using opportunity cost. Bastable and Marshall are associated with the real-cost approach.
The theory suggesting that the patterns of international trade are determined by factor endowment rather than productivity was propounded by which one of the following?
Match the items of List - II with the items of List - I and select the code of correct matching. The items relate to International Trade Theories.
List – I | List – II | ||
(a) | Comparative Cost Theory | (i) | Adam Smith |
(b) | Opportunity Cost Theory | (ii) | Gottfried Haberler. |
(c) | Factor Endowment Theory | (iii) | David Ricardo |
(d) | Absolute Cost Theory | (iv) | Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. |
Assertion (A): International standardization can reduce manufacturing and marketing costs through shared product designs and campaigns.
Reason (R): Some foreign markets require product adaptations to meet local preferences or legal requirements.
Choose the correct answer.
Match List I with List II
| List I | List II | ||
| Theories of International Tradee | Propounder (s) | ||
| (a) | Theory of Absolute Advantage | (i) | Raymond Vernon |
| (b) | Factor Proportion Theory | (ii) | Steffan Linder |
| (c) | Country Similarity Theory | (iii) | Heckscher Ohlin |
| (d) | Product Life Cycle Theory | (iv) | Adam Smith |
Which option completely states the number of countries, commodities and factors of production in the basic Ricardian model of comparative advantage?