Match List-I with List-II:List-IList-II(A) Produces crystals of toxic insecticidal proteins(I) Meloidogyne incognita(B) Nematode which infects the roots of tobacco plant(II) Agrobacterium tumefaciens(C) Vector used to transfer the nematode-specific gene into the host plant(III) Bacillus thuringiensis(D) Plasmids used to produce insulin chains(IV) Escherichia coli Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Question

Prepp Team · Accepted Answer

Matching Organisms and Processes in Biotechnology

This question requires matching specific biological entities and processes commonly encountered in biotechnology and genetics. Let's analyze each pair from List-I and find its correct match in List-II based on established scientific knowledge.

List-I (Description)
(A) Produces crystals of toxic insecticidal proteins
(B) Nematode which infects the roots of tobacco plant
(C) Vector used to transfer the nematode-specific gene into the host plant
(D) Plasmids used to produce insulin chains

List-II (Organism/Entity)
(I) Meloidogyne incognita
(II) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(III) Bacillus thuringiensis
(IV) Escherichia coli
(V) (Not relevant to the correct mapping)

Let's evaluate each item in List-I:

(A) Produces crystals of toxic insecticidal proteins: This description is characteristic of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterium produces proteins called Bt toxins, which are toxic to certain insects. These proteins crystallize within the bacterial cells. Therefore, (A) matches (III).

(B) Nematode which infects the roots of tobacco plant: Meloidogyne incognita is a species of root-knot nematode known to cause significant damage to the roots of many plants, including tobacco plants. This infection interferes with nutrient and water uptake, affecting plant growth. Therefore, (B) matches (I).

(C) Vector used to transfer the nematode-specific gene into the host plant: In biotechnology, particularly for creating genetically modified plants resistant to pests like nematodes, a common vector used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells is the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Specifically, its Ti plasmid is modified for gene transfer. Therefore, (C) matches (II).

(D) Plasmids used to produce insulin chains: The production of recombinant human insulin involves inserting the genes for insulin chains into plasmids, which are then introduced into microorganisms that can rapidly produce large quantities of the protein. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a widely used bacterium for this purpose due to its ease of cultivation and genetic manipulation. Therefore, (D) matches (IV).

Based on this analysis, the correct pairings are:

(A) - (III)
(B) - (I)
(C) - (II)
(D) - (IV)

Let's look at the options provided and see which one matches this combination:

Option	(A)	(B)	(C)	(D)
Option 1	(I)	(II)	(IV)	(III)
Option 2	(III)	(I)	(II)	(V)
Option 3	(III)	(I)	(II)	(IV)
Option 4	(V)	(I)	(IV)	(III)

Comparing our correct pairings with the options, Option 3 matches our determined relationships: (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), and (D)-(IV).

Revision Table: Key Biotechnology Concepts

Term/Organism	Relevance in Biotechnology
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)	Source of insecticidal Bt toxins used in pest-resistant crops.
Meloidogyne incognita	A root-knot nematode, a major plant pest, often targeted by biotechnology methods like RNA interference.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens	Natural genetic engineer of plants; its Ti plasmid is modified and used as a vector for gene transfer into plants.
Escherichia coli (E. coli)	Commonly used host organism for recombinant DNA technology, including the production of proteins like insulin using plasmids.
Plasmids	Small, circular DNA molecules in bacteria used as vectors to carry foreign genes into host cells for cloning or protein production.

Additional Information on Biotechnology Applications

Biotechnology employs biological systems, organisms, or parts thereof to develop or create different products. This question touches upon several key areas within modern biotechnology:

Pest Resistance in Plants: Genes coding for insecticidal proteins (like Bt toxin) or genes that trigger RNA interference against specific pests (like nematodes) can be introduced into plants to make them resistant. This reduces the need for chemical pesticides.
RNA Interference (RNAi): RNAi is a cellular mechanism that silences gene expression. For nematode resistance, dsRNA complementary to nematode genes is introduced into the plant. When the nematode feeds on the plant, it ingests the dsRNA, triggering RNAi in the nematode and silencing essential genes, thus killing the pest.
Recombinant Protein Production: Producing therapeutic proteins like human insulin in large quantities is a major achievement of biotechnology. This involves cloning the human gene into a vector (like a plasmid), inserting the vector into a suitable host (like E. coli or yeast), and then growing the host cells to produce the protein.
Vectors in Gene Transfer: Vectors are DNA molecules used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell. Plasmids and modified viruses are common vectors. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is particularly useful for plant transformation because it naturally transfers a part of its DNA (T-DNA) into plant cells.

Understanding these tools and organisms is fundamental to grasping the principles and applications of modern biotechnology.

Prepp Team · Answer

(a) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

Prepp Team · Answer

(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(V)

Prepp Team · Answer

(d) (A)-(V), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

List-I	List-II
(A) Dodo	(I) Russia
(B) Quagga	(II) Australia
(C) Thylacine	(III) Mauritius
(D) Stellar’s Sea cow	(IV) Africa

Matching Organisms and Processes in Biotechnology

Revision Table: Key Biotechnology Concepts

Additional Information on Biotechnology Applications

Important Questions from Biotechnology and its Applications

Start Your Preparation with Prepp Mobile App