Match List-I with List-II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:List-I List-II (A) Jagannatha (I) A devotee of Shiva (B) Manikkavachakar (II) Anthologiser of Alvars (C) Divyaprabandham (III) A form of Vishnu (D) Karaikkal Ammaiyar (IV) Woman devotee of Shiva
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
Understanding the Bhakti Movement and its Figures
This question asks us to match key figures and a significant text from the Bhakti movement in India with their descriptions. The Bhakti movement involved devotional worship to a personal God, which gained popularity across different regions and traditions, notably Vaishnavism (devotion to Vishnu) and Shaivism (devotion to Shiva).
Let's analyze each item in List-I and find its correct match in List-II:
- (A) Jagannatha: Jagannatha is a widely worshipped deity, particularly in Odisha. Jagannatha is considered a form of Vishnu. Therefore, the correct match for (A) is (III) A form of Vishnu.
- (B) Manikkavachakar: Manikkavachakar was a famous Tamil poet and saint who lived in the 9th century. He is one of the most revered Nayanars, the poets who composed hymns in praise of Shiva. Thus, the correct match for (B) is (I) A devotee of Shiva.
- (C) Divyaprabandham: The Divyaprabandham is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses compiled by Nathamuni. These verses were composed by the 12 Alvars, who were Tamil Vaishnavite saint-poets. Nathamuni is considered the anthologiser who collected and organized the hymns of the Alvars. Therefore, the correct match for (C) is (II) Anthologiser of Alvars (representing the collection compiled by the anthologiser).
- (D) Karaikkal Ammaiyar: Karaikkal Ammaiyar is one of the earliest figures among the Nayanars (devotees of Shiva). She was a woman saint and poet from Tamil Nadu. She is highly respected for her intense devotion to Shiva. Therefore, the correct match for (D) is (IV) Woman devotee of Shiva.
Based on this analysis, the correct matching is:
- (A) - (III)
- (B) - (I)
- (C) - (II)
- (D) - (IV)
Let's look at the options provided:
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
(d) (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
Comparing our derived matching with the options, option (c) correctly represents the matches we found.
| List-I | List-II | Correct Match |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Jagannatha | (I) A devotee of Shiva | (A) - (III) A form of Vishnu |
| (B) Manikkavachakar | (II) Anthologiser of Alvars | (B) - (I) A devotee of Shiva |
| (C) Divyaprabandham | (III) A form of Vishnu | (C) - (II) Anthologiser of Alvars |
| (D) Karaikkal Ammaiyar | (IV) Woman devotee of Shiva | (D) - (IV) Woman devotee of Shiva |
Revision Table: Bhakti Saints and Texts
| Figure/Text | Description | Tradition |
|---|---|---|
| Jagannatha | A form of Vishnu | Vaishnavism |
| Manikkavachakar | Devotee of Shiva (Nayanar) | Shaivism |
| Divyaprabandham | Collection of hymns by Alvars (anthologised) | Vaishnavism |
| Karaikkal Ammaiyar | Woman devotee of Shiva (Nayanar) | Shaivism |
Additional Information on Bhakti Traditions
The Bhakti movement saw the rise of numerous saints and devotional literature across India. In Tamil Nadu, two prominent traditions emerged:
- Alvars: These were Vaishnavite saints who composed hymns in praise of Vishnu. Their collected works form the Divyaprabandham.
- Nayanars: These were Shaivite saints who composed hymns in praise of Shiva. Their collected works are known as the Tevaram and Tirumurai.
Both Alvars and Nayanars emphasized devotion (bhakti) as the primary means to attain salvation, promoting egalitarian ideas and using local languages for their compositions, making religion accessible to common people.
Karaikkal Ammaiyar and Manikkavachakar are celebrated figures within the Nayanar tradition, known for their intense devotion and poetic contributions to Shaivite literature.
Jagannatha of Puri is a major pilgrimage site for Vaishnavites and a central figure in the regional Bhakti traditions of Odisha.
Important Questions from Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
'Kabir Granthavali' is associated with which of the following traditions?
Arrange the following religious teachers according to the timeline during which they lived in a chronological order.
(A) Tondaradippodi (B) Lal Ded (C) Raidas (D) Ramanujacharya
Choose the correct statements.
(A) Naths, Jogis, and Siddhas were religious cults that evolved outside the orthodox Brahmanical framework.
(B) Many of the leaders of these cults belonged to artisanal groups.
(C) The leaders of these cults accepted unquestioned authority of the Vedas.
(D) The language of their expression was literary Sanskrit. Therefore, they could not influence ordinary masses.
Match List - I with List - II:
List - I List - II (A) Karaikkal Ammaiyar (I) Tamil Shaiva hymns (B) Nalayira Divyaprabandham (II) Devotee of Shiva (C) Andal (III) Tamil Veda (D) Tevaram (IV) Women devotee of Vishnu Match List – I with List – II:
List – I List – II (A) Varanasi (I) Shah Hamdan Mosque (B) Marwar (II) Dargah Shaikh Muinuddin (C) Srinagar (III) Kabir Bijak is preserved here (D) Ajmer (IV) Native place of Mirabai Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
