Match List - I with List - II: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:List - I (Microbes) List - II (Products) (A) Lactobacillus (I) Citric acid (B) Aspergillus niger (II) Butyric acid (C) Acetobacter aceti (III) Lactic acid (D) Clostridium butylicum (IV) Acetic acid
(b) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
The question asks us to match the microbes listed in List-I with the products they produce listed in List-II. This involves understanding the industrial applications of different microorganisms.
Understanding Microbes and Their Products
Microbes are widely used in various industrial processes, including the production of organic acids through fermentation. Different microbes specialize in producing specific compounds.
Matching Microbes and Products
Let's analyze each microbe in List-I and identify the corresponding product it produces from List-II:
- (A) Lactobacillus: This is a type of bacterium known for its role in lactic acid fermentation. It converts lactose and other sugars into lactic acid. It is commonly used in the production of yogurt, cheese, and other fermented foods. Therefore, Lactobacillus matches with Lactic acid.
- (B) Aspergillus niger: This is a common fungus that is used extensively in industrial biotechnology for the production of citric acid. It ferments sucrose or glucose to produce citric acid. Therefore, Aspergillus niger matches with Citric acid.
- (C) Acetobacter aceti: This is an acetic acid bacterium. It oxidizes ethanol (alcohol) to acetic acid. This process is used in the production of vinegar. Therefore, Acetobacter aceti matches with Acetic acid.
- (D) Clostridium butylicum: This bacterium is known for producing butyric acid through fermentation of carbohydrates. It is one of the species used in the ABE fermentation process (Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol fermentation), which also yields butyric acid. Therefore, Clostridium butylicum matches with Butyric acid.
Summary of the Correct Matches
Based on the analysis, the correct pairings are:
- A - III (Lactobacillus - Lactic acid)
- B - I (Aspergillus niger - Citric acid)
- C - IV (Acetobacter aceti - Acetic acid)
- D - II (Clostridium butylicum - Butyric acid)
Comparing with the Options
Let's compare our derived matching with the given options:
- Option (a): A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III (Incorrect)
- Option (b): A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II (Correct)
- Option (c): A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II (Incorrect)
- Option (d): A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV (Incorrect)
Option (b) correctly matches Lactobacillus with Lactic acid (A-III), Aspergillus niger with Citric acid (B-I), Acetobacter aceti with Acetic acid (C-IV), and Clostridium butylicum with Butyric acid (D-II).
| List - I (Microbes) | List - II (Products) | Match |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Lactobacillus | (I) Citric acid | A - III |
| (B) Aspergillus niger | (II) Butyric acid | B - I |
| (C) Acetobacter aceti | (III) Lactic acid | C - IV |
| (D) Clostridium butylicum | (IV) Acetic acid | D - II |
Revision Table: Microbes and Products
| Microbe | Type | Major Product(s) | Application Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus | Bacterium | Lactic acid | Yogurt, Cheese, Sauerkraut |
| Aspergillus niger | Fungus | Citric acid, Gluconic acid | Food additive (acidity regulator), Cleaning agents |
| Acetobacter aceti | Bacterium | Acetic acid | Vinegar production |
| Clostridium butylicum | Bacterium | Butyric acid, Butanol | Chemical production, Research |
Additional Information on Microbial Products
Many organic acids and other chemicals are produced on a large scale using microbial fermentation processes. This is a key aspect of industrial microbiology and biotechnology.
- Lactic Acid: Used not only in food but also in biodegradable plastics (Polylactic acid - PLA) and cosmetics. The formula is $\text{C}_3\text{H}_6\text{O}_3$.
- Citric Acid: A weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits. Industrially produced using Aspergillus niger fermentation. Used as a flavoring agent, preservative, and pH adjuster in food and beverages. The formula is $\text{C}_6\text{H}_8\text{O}_7$.
- Acetic Acid: The main component of vinegar. Produced industrially by the oxidation of ethanol or by fermentation. The formula is $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$.
- Butyric Acid: A carboxylic acid with the structural formula $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$. It is found in butter and is produced by anaerobic fermentation by bacteria like Clostridium butylicum.
Microbial fermentation is a sustainable method for producing various chemicals compared to traditional chemical synthesis methods, often utilizing renewable resources.
Important Questions from Microbes in Human Welfare
Arrange the following steps of sewage treatment in the correct sequence:
A. Flocs consume organic matter and reduce the BOD.
B. Removal of floating debris and grit.
C. Bacterial flocs allowed to sediment.
D. Primary effluent passed into aeration tank and agitated mechanically.
E. Effluent after secondary treatment is released into water bodies.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following is not made by fermentation?
Identify the floral reward offered to insects for pollination:
Pollen grains
Nectar
Fragrance
Safe place to lay eggs
Select the statement(s) which are/is true for Baculoviruses:
A. They belong to genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus.
B. They are species-specific in their action.
C. They have a narrow spectrum of insecticidal application.
D. They don't have any negative impact on non-target insects.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Identify the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria:
A. Rhizobium
B. Mycorrhiza
C. Azospirillum
D. Azotobacter
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
