Match List-I with List-II:List-IList-II(A) Antifreeze used in car engine(I) Phenol(B) Starting material for picric acid(II) Glycerol(C) Wood spirit(III) Ethylene glycol(D) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics(IV) MethanolChoose the correct answer from the options given below:

Question

Prepp Team · Accepted Answer

Matching Chemicals to Their Uses and Properties

This question requires matching common chemical substances with their specific uses or properties based on general chemistry knowledge.

Let's analyze each item in List-I and find its corresponding match in List-II.

Understanding the Matching Pairs

(A) Antifreeze used in car engine: Car engine coolant systems require substances that lower the freezing point of water to prevent it from freezing in cold temperatures. Among the options provided, Ethylene glycol is widely used as an antifreeze.
(B) Starting material for picric acid: Picric acid is chemically known as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. As the name suggests, it is derived from phenol through a process of nitration. Therefore, phenol is the starting material.
(C) Wood spirit: Wood spirit is an old common name for methanol. Methanol was historically produced by the destructive distillation of wood.
(D) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics: Soap is produced by the saponification of fats or oils with a strong alkali. Glycerol (also known as glycerin) is a valuable byproduct of this process. Due to its humectant properties (ability to retain moisture), glycerol is extensively used in the cosmetics industry.

Detailed Analysis of Each Match

Based on the understanding above, we can establish the following matches:

(A) Antifreeze used in car engine matches with (III) Ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_6\text{O}_2$) lowers the freezing point and raises the boiling point of water, making it ideal for engine coolant systems.
(B) Starting material for picric acid matches with (I) Phenol. Phenol ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}$) is the chemical precursor to picric acid ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_3\text{N}_3\text{O}_7$).
(C) Wood spirit matches with (IV) Methanol. Methanol ($\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$) is a simple alcohol historically obtained from wood.
(D) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics matches with (II) Glycerol. Glycerol ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_8\text{O}_3$), a polyol, is a common byproduct of soap making and is used as a moisturizer in cosmetics.

Thus, the correct matching is:

(A) - (III)
(B) - (I)
(C) - (IV)
(D) - (II)

Comparing with the Options

Let's compare our derived matching with the given options:

Option 1: (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II) - Incorrect (A and C mismatches)
Option 2: (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV) - Incorrect (All mismatches)
Option 3: (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV) - Incorrect (B and C and D mismatches)
Option 4: (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II) - Correct

The matching derived from our analysis corresponds exactly to Option 4.

List-I (Uses/Properties)	List-II (Chemicals)	Match
(A) Antifreeze used in car engine	(I) Phenol	(A) → (III)
(B) Starting material for picric acid	(II) Glycerol	(B) → (I)
(C) Wood spirit	(III) Ethylene glycol	(C) → (IV)
(D) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics	(IV) Methanol	(D) → (II)

Revision Table: Chemical Matching Summary

Item	Description (List-I)	Matched Chemical (List-II)
(A)	Antifreeze	(III) Ethylene glycol
(B)	For picric acid	(I) Phenol
(C)	Wood spirit	(IV) Methanol
(D)	Soap byproduct, cosmetics	(II) Glycerol

Additional Information on Chemicals and Uses

Ethylene Glycol: Besides antifreeze, it's used in the production of polyester fibers and resins, and as a dehydrating agent. It is toxic if ingested.
Phenol: Also known as carbolic acid, phenol is used in disinfectants, antiseptics, and in the production of plastics (like Bakelite), nylon, and other chemicals besides picric acid.
Methanol: Methanol is a basic petrochemical used as a solvent, fuel additive, and in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and various polymers. It is highly toxic.
Glycerol: Glycerol is widely used in foods as a sweetener and humectant, in pharmaceuticals (syrups, suppositories), and in the production of explosives (nitroglycerin) and polyurethanes. Its cosmetic uses include moisturizers and soaps.