Match List-I with List-II: Choose the correct answer from the options given below :List-I (Approaches in Human Geography) List-II (Broad Features) Areal Differentiation Identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how and why it is different Spatial Organisation Application of quantitative techniques in Geography Behavioural School Discontent with quantitative revolution and its dehumanized manner of doing Geography Post-modernism Focus on local context
(A) – (I), (B) – (II), (C) – (III), (D) – (IV)
Understanding Approaches in Human Geography
This question asks us to match different approaches or schools of thought in Human Geography with their broad features. Human geography has evolved through various phases, each emphasizing different ways of studying the relationship between humans and their environment. Let's look at each approach listed and its corresponding feature.
Areal Differentiation in Human Geography
Areal Differentiation is an approach that focuses on understanding the unique character of different regions on the Earth's surface. It emphasizes how regions differ from one another and why these differences exist. This involves studying the combination of physical and human phenomena that give a specific area its distinct identity.
- Feature: Identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how and why it is different.
This clearly matches List-I (A) Areal Differentiation with List-II (I) Identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how and why it is different.
Spatial Organisation Approach
The Spatial Organisation approach, also closely associated with the 'quantitative revolution' in geography, focuses on analyzing spatial patterns and structures using quantitative methods and statistical techniques. It aims to understand the laws and principles that govern spatial distribution and interaction.
- Feature: Application of quantitative techniques in Geography.
This aligns List-I (B) Spatial Organisation with List-II (II) Application of quantitative techniques in Geography.
Behavioural School of Thought
The Behavioural School emerged partly as a critique of the quantitative revolution's focus on abstract models and spatial laws, which some felt neglected the human element. This school emphasizes the role of individual human behaviour, perception, and decision-making in shaping geographic patterns. It looks at how people perceive and interact with their environment based on their own experiences and cognitive processes.
- Feature: Discontent with quantitative revolution and its dehumanized manner of doing Geography.
This connects List-I (C) Behavioural School with List-II (III) Discontent with quantitative revolution and its dehumanized manner of doing Geography.
Post-modernism in Geography
Post-modernism in geography represents a move away from grand, universal theories and focuses instead on diversity, difference, and the importance of local context and multiple perspectives. It questions established narratives and highlights the fragmented and complex nature of geographical realities, emphasizing individual experiences and local knowledge.
- Feature: Focus on local context.
This pairs List-I (D) Post-modernism with List-II (IV) Focus on local context.
Summarizing the Matches
Let's put these matches together:
- (A) Areal Differentiation matches with (I) Identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how and why it is different.
- (B) Spatial Organisation matches with (II) Application of quantitative techniques in Geography.
- (C) Behavioural School matches with (III) Discontent with quantitative revolution and its dehumanized manner of doing Geography.
- (D) Post-modernism matches with (IV) Focus on local context.
| List-I (Approaches) | List-II (Broad Features) |
|---|---|
| (A) Areal Differentiation | (I) Identifying the uniqueness of any region and understanding how and why it is different |
| (B) Spatial Organisation | (II) Application of quantitative techniques in Geography |
| (C) Behavioural School | (III) Discontent with quantitative revolution and its dehumanized manner of doing Geography |
| (D) Post-modernism | (IV) Focus on local context |
Based on this matching, the correct combination is (A) – (I), (B) – (II), (C) – (III), (D) – (IV).
Revision Table: Human Geography Approaches
| Approach | Key Focus | Associated Era/Movement |
|---|---|---|
| Areal Differentiation | Regional uniqueness, character of places | Early 20th Century Regional Geography |
| Spatial Organisation | Spatial patterns, laws, quantitative analysis | Quantitative Revolution (mid-20th Century) |
| Behavioural School | Human perception, decision-making, behaviour | Reaction to Quantitative Revolution (late 20th Century) |
| Post-modernism | Local context, diversity, multiple perspectives, critique of grand theories | Late 20th Century onwards |
Additional Information: Evolution of Geographic Thought
Human geography has seen significant shifts in its focus and methods over time. Initially, it was heavily descriptive and exploratory. Later, the regional approach, emphasizing areal differentiation, became prominent. The mid-20th century saw the rise of the quantitative revolution, aiming to make geography a more scientific, law-seeking discipline using statistical methods and models, leading to the spatial organisation approach. However, this led to criticisms for ignoring human agency and meaning, giving rise to humanistic approaches like the behavioural school, which brought focus back to human experience and perception. More recently, post-modern geography, among other contemporary approaches, challenges universal truths and emphasizes the importance of understanding diverse, local realities and power dynamics.
Important Questions from Human Geography : Nature and Scope
Direction (Q46. to Q50.) Read the given passage carefully and answer following five questions:
India has 640,867 villages according to the Census 2011 out of which 597,608 (93.2 per cent) are inhabited villages. However, the distribution of rural population is not uniform throughout the country. You might have noted that the states, like Bihar and Sikkim have very high percentage of rural population. The states of Goa and Maharashtra have only little over half of their total population residing in villages. The Union Territories, on the other hand, have smaller proportion of rural population, except Dadra and Nagar Haveli (53.38 per cent).
The size of villages also varies considerably. It is less than 200 persons in the hill states of north-eastern India, Western Rajasthan and Rann of Kachchh and as high as 17 thousand persons in the states of Kerala and in parts of Maharashtra. A thorough examination of the pattern of distribution of rural population of India reveals that both at intra-State and inter-State levels, the relative degree of urbanization and extent of rural-urban migration regulate the concentration of rural population.
You have noted that contrary to rural population, the proportion of urban population (31.16 per cent) in India is quite low but it is showing a much faster rate of growth over the decades. The growth rate of urban population has accelerated due to enhanced economic development and improvement in health and hygienic conditions. The distribution of urban population too, as in the case of total population, has a wide variation throughout the country.
Which one of these states have high percentage of rural population according to Census 2011?
Arrange the following cities present on Trans-Canadian Railways Route from East to West direction.
A. Sydney
B. Ottawa
C. Montreal
D. Quebec
E. Halifax
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Make a correct sequence of age-sex Pyramids in ascending order in relation to the development:
A. Declining Populations
B. Ageing Populations
C. Expanding Populations
D. Constant Populations
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following is not an Air Pollutant?
Which of the following geographers described the ‘state/country’ as a ‘living organism’?
