Mandarin oranges (Botanical name Citrus reticulata, Family - Rutaceae), commonly known as Santra are the most refreshing and health promoting juicy fruits. Besides Vitamin C, it is an excellent source of pectin and certain essential oils. The juice is advised to patients. Subtropical and tropical climate are required for growth of santra. The trees grow luxuriously in 1.5 m deep well-drained soils free from excess salts and having adequate content of organic matter. The important varieties are Nagpur santra (Maharashtra), Khansi mandarin (Assam), Coorg mandarin (Karnataka), Kinnow (Punjab), Emperor, Hill orange, Mudkhed seedless, Honey (for kitchen gardening). Santra are commercially propagated by shield or 'T' budding on rootstocks like jamberi or rangpur lime. Average yield is 80 to 160 fruits/trees.

Mandarin orange commercially propagated by _____________