What passes for knowledge is of two kinds : first knowledge of facts; second, knowledge of the general connection between facts very closely connected with this distinction is another: there is knowledge which may be described as "mirroring", and knowledge which consists in capacity to handle Leibinitz's monads 'mirror' the universe, and in this sense know it; but since monads never interact they cannot handle any thing external to themselves. This is the logical extreme of one conception of "knowledge". The logical extreme of the other conception is pragmatism which was first promulgated by Marx in his Thesis on Feuerbach (1845) the question whether objective truth belongs to human thinking is not a question of theory, but a practical question, the truth, i.e. the reality and power of thought must be demonstrated in practice ___________ philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways, but the real task is to alter it.
Leibniz's particles contain information about the universe because they represent it in __________
mirror form
Understanding Knowledge in the Context of Leibniz's Monads
The provided text distinguishes between two types of knowledge: knowledge of facts and knowledge of the general connection between facts. It then introduces another related distinction: knowledge as "mirroring" and knowledge as the capacity to handle things.
The passage specifically uses the example of Leibniz's monads to illustrate the concept of "mirroring" knowledge. It states, "Leibinitz's monads 'mirror' the universe, and in this sense know it". This indicates that the way monads contain information or "know" the universe is through this act of mirroring.
Let's examine the options provided based on this understanding from the text:
mirroring: The text explicitly uses the word "mirror" and describes knowledge as "mirroring". This aligns with the concept.
imaged: While mirroring creates an image, the term "imaged" is not the specific term used in the passage to describe the mode of knowledge for monads.
mirror form: This option reflects the idea that the knowledge possessed by monads is in the form of a mirror-like representation of the universe. The text strongly supports the concept of mirroring as the method.
analysed: The text contrasts the mirroring knowledge of monads with pragmatism which involves handling and practice. Analysis might be part of handling or understanding, but it's not presented as the primary way monads contain information.
The phrase "mirror form" captures the essence of the description provided in the text, where monads contain information about the universe by acting as mirrors of it. The text links monads directly to the concept of "mirroring", implying their knowledge is in a "mirror form".
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Concept | Description from Text | Relevance to Question |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge of Facts | First type of knowledge mentioned. | Background context. |
| Knowledge of Connection | Second type of knowledge mentioned. | Background context. |
| Knowledge as "Mirroring" | One conception of knowledge, exemplified by Leibniz's monads. | Directly relevant to how monads "know". |
| Knowledge as Capacity to Handle | Other conception of knowledge, linked to pragmatism. | Contrast to monad knowledge. |
| Leibniz's Monads | Described as mirroring the universe. | Central subject of the question. |
Additional Information: Leibniz and Monads
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a prominent German philosopher and mathematician. His concept of monads is a key part of his metaphysics. Monads are described as simple, indivisible substances that make up the universe. Each monad is unique and reflects or "mirrors" the entire universe from its own perspective. However, crucially, monads do not interact with each other directly. Their apparent interaction is explained by a concept called pre-established harmony, where God has coordinated their states from the beginning.
The passage highlights this non-interaction ("since monads never interact they cannot handle any thing external to themselves") to emphasize the nature of their knowledge, which is purely representational or "mirroring", rather than gained through external interaction or manipulation (handling), which is characteristic of the contrasting view, pragmatism, mentioned in the text.
This contrast helps to clarify the two different ways of thinking about knowledge presented in the passage.
Important Questions from Educational Studies
Davis has characterized which of the following as the main social functions of the family?
(A) Reproduction
(B) Maintenance
(C) Placement
(D) Socialization of the young ones
(E) Marrying the kids
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Which one of the following combinations gives a correct reason for including philosophy of education in Teacher Education Curriculum ?
(a) Philosophy is the oldest discipline
(b) Philosophy helps in understanding educational concepts in a holistic way
(c) Philosophy and education are two sides of the same coin
(d) Philosophy helps in developing a better personality of prospective teachers
(e) Philosophical analysis of educational concepts helps in developing a rational viewpointThe ultimate purpose of Gandhian education is the :
In the two sets given below, Set - I provides a list of attributes based scientific criteria and Set - II offers their brief description. Match the two sets and select appropriate code for correct matching :
Set-I
( Attribute based scientific criteria )
Set-II
( Description )
(a) Parsimony (i) Knowledge should remain open to revision (b) Empiricism (ii) Interpretation of research should not reflect personal biases (c) Precision (iii) Knowledge should be grounded in observation (d) Objectivity (iv) Explanations should be as simple as possible (v) Research statement should be based on accurate measurements - 'Care Education' has been focussed by:
