The question asks about the organization founded by Jyothirao Phule. Understanding the contributions of prominent social reformers is crucial for comprehending India's social history.

Jyothirao Phule and the Sathya Shodhak Samaj

Jyothirao Phule, a prominent Indian social reformer, anti-caste activist, thinker, and writer from Maharashtra, dedicated his life to the upliftment of the oppressed and downtrodden sections of society. He strongly advocated for education for women and lower castes.

• He firmly believed that education was the key to emancipation and empowerment for all, especially for those who had been historically marginalized.
• In line with his vision, Jyothirao Phule founded a specific organization to pursue his reformist goals.

Founding the Sathya Shodhak Samaj

Jyothirao Phule founded the Sathya Shodhak Samaj (Truth-seekers' Society) on September 24, 1873, in Pune, Maharashtra. The primary objective of this society was to empower and educate the oppressed classes, particularly the Shudras and Ati Shudras (Dalits and other backward castes), and to protect them from exploitation by dominant castes and priestly classes.

• The Sathya Shodhak Samaj worked towards social equality, rejecting the caste system, untouchability, and the authority of the Brahmins.
• It promoted rational thought and challenged superstitious beliefs and rituals prevalent in society.
• The society also played a significant role in promoting education for women and lower castes, performing marriages without Brahmin priests, and advocating for social justice.
• His wife, Savitribai Phule, was also a co-founder and played an instrumental role in the activities of the Sathya Shodhak Samaj, particularly in the field of women's education.

Analysis of Other Options

Let's briefly examine the other options to understand why they are not the correct answer for the organization founded by Jyothirao Phule:

• Prarthana Samaj: This society was founded in 1867 in Bombay (now Mumbai) by Dadoba Pandurang and Atmaram Pandurang. It was a reform movement inspired by the Brahmo Samaj, focusing on social reforms such as monotheism, opposition to the caste system, and child marriage. Prominent leaders included Mahadev Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar.
• Brahma Samaj: Originally founded as the 'Brahmo Sabha' in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta (now Kolkata), it was later renamed Brahma Samaj. It was a monotheistic reform movement in Hinduism, campaigning against idol worship, the Sati system, and the caste system, while advocating for women's rights and education.
• Arya Samaj: This reform movement was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay. Its central tenet was a return to the Vedas, promoting monotheism, and opposing idol worship, polytheism, and the caste system. It also advocated for women's education, widow remarriage, and campaigned against child marriage. The famous slogan "Go back to Vedas" is associated with the Arya Samaj.

Conclusion on Jyothirao Phule's Foundation

Based on the historical facts, it is clear that Jyothirao Phule was the founder of the Sathya Shodhak Samaj. His efforts through this organization significantly contributed to the social reform movements in 19th-century India, particularly in Maharashtra, focusing on equality and education for the marginalized.