Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce adequate hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is essential for carrying oxygen in red blood cells.
The lack of iron directly impacts hemoglobin synthesis. This leads to red blood cells having a reduced concentration of hemoglobin, a condition known as hypochromic.
Furthermore, iron deficiency affects the maturation process of red blood cells. This results in the production of red blood cells that are smaller than normal, a characteristic termed microcytic.
Therefore, iron deficiency anaemia is primarily classified as hypochromic and microcytic due to insufficient hemoglobin and reduced red blood cell size.