In which year _____ targeted public distribution system was launched replacing nearly universal public distribution system.
1997
Targeted Public Distribution System Launch Year Explained
The Indian government has implemented various systems over the years to manage the distribution of essential commodities to its citizens, primarily through the Public Distribution System (PDS). Initially, the PDS operated on a near-universal basis, aiming to provide essential food grains to all citizens.
However, concerns arose regarding the efficiency, costs, and effectiveness of this universal approach. To address these issues and ensure better targeting of subsidies towards the population Below Poverty Line (BPL), a significant reform was introduced.
Transition to Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
The government restructured the PDS, launching the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in 1997. This marked a crucial shift from the previous universal coverage.
Key aspects of the TPDS include:
- Focusing subsidies specifically on identified poor households (BPL families).
- Providing food grains at highly subsidized prices to BPL families.
- Offering food grains to Above Poverty Line (APL) families at near-issue prices.
The introduction of TPDS aimed to make the PDS more efficient and financially sustainable by concentrating resources on the most vulnerable sections of society. This system continues to be the backbone of food security in India, although it has undergone further modifications over time.
Important Questions from Ecosystem
Match List - I with List -II.
List - I List - II (A) Detritus food chain (I) Available biomass for consumption (B) Standing state (II) Dead organic matter (C) Standing crop (III) Amount of nutrients in soil (D) Net Primary Productivity (IV) Mass of living material Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different level is called:
Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) Certain mass of living material at each trophic level is called as standing crop.
(B) The crop that can withstand adverse conditions is called standing crop
(C) The amount of nutrients in soil is called Biomass
(D) Only Biotic components make an Ecosystem
(E) Most of Phytoplanktons are member of algae
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following option determines percolation and water holding capacity of soils?
About ________ energy is used to build new biomass in ecological pyramid.
