In this question, three statements are given followed by two conclusions. Choose the conclusion(s) which best fit(s) logically. Statements: 1) Fishes live in water. 2) Tigers live in land. 3) Amphibians live both in water and on land. Conclusions: I. Fishes, amphibians and tigers belong to the same family. II. Both the amphibians and tigers can live in land.
Only conclusion II follows
Understanding Syllogism and Logical Conclusions
This question tests your ability to draw logical conclusions based on given statements. In syllogism problems, you must assume the statements are true and determine which of the given conclusions necessarily follows from them.
Let's carefully examine the provided statements and conclusions.
Analyzing the Statements
We have three statements about the habitats of different animals:
- Statement 1: Fishes live in water.
- Statement 2: Tigers live in land.
- Statement 3: Amphibians live both in water and on land.
These statements define the living environments for fishes, tigers, and amphibians according to the problem.
Evaluating the Conclusions
Now, let's evaluate each conclusion based on the given statements:
Conclusion I: Fishes, amphibians and tigers belong to the same family.
Let's consider the information provided in the statements:
- The statements talk about where these animals live (their habitat).
- The statements do not provide any information about the biological classification, evolutionary relationships, or the "family" they belong to.
Since the statements give no data about the biological classification or family of these animals, we cannot logically conclude whether they belong to the same family or not. This conclusion goes beyond the scope of the given information.
Therefore, Conclusion I does not follow from the statements.
Conclusion II: Both the amphibians and tigers can live in land.
Let's examine the statements related to living on land:
- Statement 2 says: "Tigers live in land." This directly tells us that tigers inhabit land.
- Statement 3 says: "Amphibians live both in water and on land." This directly tells us that amphibians inhabit land (in addition to water).
Combining the information from Statement 2 and Statement 3, we see that both tigers and amphibians are described as living on land. Thus, the conclusion that both amphibians and tigers can live on land is directly supported by the statements.
Therefore, Conclusion II logically follows from the statements.
Determining the Best Fit Conclusion(s)
Based on our analysis:
- Conclusion I does not follow.
- Conclusion II follows.
Thus, only Conclusion II logically follows from the given statements.
Revision Table: Syllogism Analysis
| Statement | Habitat Information |
|---|---|
| Statement 1 (Fishes) | Lives in water |
| Statement 2 (Tigers) | Lives on land |
| Statement 3 (Amphibians) | Lives both in water and on land |
| Conclusion | Analysis | Follows? |
|---|---|---|
| Conclusion I: Fishes, amphibians and tigers belong to the same family. | Statements only discuss habitat, not biological classification or family. | No |
| Conclusion II: Both the amphibians and tigers can live in land. | Statement 2 says Tigers live on land. Statement 3 says Amphibians live on land. Both live on land according to statements. | Yes |
Additional Information on Syllogisms
Syllogism is a form of logical reasoning where a conclusion is drawn from two or more premises (statements). It's a fundamental concept in logic and reasoning tests.
- Statements (Premises): These are the given facts that you must assume to be true, regardless of whether they are true in the real world.
- Conclusions: These are deductions that you must assess to see if they necessarily follow from the statements. A conclusion follows only if it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the statements are true.
- Key Principle: In syllogism problems, rely only on the information given in the statements. Do not use your outside knowledge to evaluate the conclusions.
- Evaluating Conclusions:
- If a conclusion is directly stated or is a necessary combination of statements, it follows.
- If a conclusion introduces new information not mentioned in the statements, or makes a claim that is not guaranteed by the statements, it does not follow.
This type of logical reasoning is commonly tested in various competitive exams to assess analytical ability.
Important Questions from Statements and Conclusions
A situation is given, followed by two conclusions I and II. Read the situation and both the conclusions carefully and select the correct answer.
Situation:
Since the past 15 years, 75% of the products in the world’s pottery market comes from Country K. However, the employment in the pottery industry of Country K has been consistently declining by 5-9% every year since the past 3 years.
Conclusions:
I. Even after declining employment, Country K has enough potters to continue contributing equally to the international market.
II. The local demand of pottery in Country K has substantially decreased leading to less interest among potters.
The statement below is followed by three conclusions labelled I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the three suggested conclusions logically follows for pursuing.
Statements:
1) No school is an institution but they are establishment.
2) All establishments that are not institutions have buildings.
Conclusions:
I. Schools are not establishments.
II. All schools have buildings.
III. Schools do not have buildings.Read the given statements and conclusion carefully and decide which of the following options is true with respect to the given conclusion.
Statements:
The Gateway of India is in Mumbai.
Mumbai is in India.
Conclusion:
The Gateway of India is in India.
Read the given statements and conclusion carefully and decide which of the following options is true with respect to the given conclusion.
Statements:
Men who are handsome are generally of the intellectual type.
Vikram is handsome.
Conclusion:
Vikram is intellectual.Given is a statement, followed by four conclusions. Read the statement carefully and decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the given statement.
Statement:
This book can help because all good books help.
Conclusions:
I. This is not a good book.
II. This is a good book.
III. No good book helps.
IV. Some good books help.
