In the questions given below, two statements are given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statement, disregarding commonly known facts : Statement : All windows are doors. No door is wall. Conclusions : I. No window is wall II. No wall is door
We are given two statements:
Let's analyze the relationships:
Conclusion I: No window is wall.
Since every 'window' is a 'door' (Statement 1), and no 'door' is a 'wall' (Statement 2), it must be true that no 'window' can be a 'wall'. If something belongs to the 'window' category, it automatically belongs to the 'door' category, which excludes it from the 'wall' category.
Therefore, Conclusion I logically follows. $ \text{Windows} \cap \text{Walls} = \emptyset $.
Conclusion II: No wall is door.
Statement 2 states, "No door is wall." This is a universal negative statement (an E-type proposition). Universal negative statements are symmetrical. This means if "No A is B" is true, then "No B is A" must also be true.
Applying this, since "No door is wall" is true, its symmetrical form "No wall is door" must also be true.
Therefore, Conclusion II logically follows directly from Statement 2.
Both Conclusion I and Conclusion II are logically derived from the given statements.
Thus, Both conclusion I and II follow.