Understanding the Letter Analogy

The question presents a letter analogy where the relationship between the first pair of letters (STOP : TRVT) needs to be identified. This same relationship must then exist between one of the given options.

Analyzing the Pattern in STOP : TRVT

To find the relationship, let's examine the change in position for each corresponding letter from STOP to TRVT in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26):

• The first letter changes from S to T. The position of S is $19$, and the position of T is $20$. The shift is $20 - 19 = +1$.
• The second letter changes from T to R. The position of T is $20$, and the position of R is $18$. The shift is $18 - 20 = -2$.
• The third letter changes from O to V. The position of O is $15$, and the position of V is $22$. The shift is $22 - 15 = +7$.
• The fourth letter changes from P to T. The position of P is $16$, and the position of T is $20$. The shift is $20 - 16 = +4$.

Thus, the pattern of shifts from STOP to TRVT is sequential: $+1$ for the first letter, $-2$ for the second, $+7$ for the third, and $+4$ for the fourth.

Let's represent this using letter positions:

The identified pattern of shifts is $+1, -2, +7, +4$.

Applying the Pattern to Options

Now, we apply the same pattern of shifts ($+1, -2, +7, +4$) to the first word of each option to see which one results in the second word.

• Option 1: MIND : IQLO

  Apply shifts to MIND:

  • M (+1 shift) $\rightarrow$ N
  • I (-2 shift) $\rightarrow$ G
  • N (+7 shift) $\rightarrow$ U
  • D (+4 shift) $\rightarrow$ H

  Applying the pattern to MIND gives NGUH. This does not match IQLO.

• Option 2: HAIL : PLCI

  Apply shifts to HAIL:

  • H (+1 shift) $\rightarrow$ P
  • A (-2 shift) $\rightarrow$ L
  • I (+7 shift) $\rightarrow$ C
  • L (+4 shift) $\rightarrow$ I

  Applying the pattern to HAIL gives PLCI. This matches the second word in the option pair.

• Option 3: SAND : UDHS

  Apply shifts to SAND:

  • S (+1 shift) $\rightarrow$ T
  • A (-2 shift) $\rightarrow$ Y
  • N (+7 shift) $\rightarrow$ U
  • D (+4 shift) $\rightarrow$ H

  Applying the pattern to SAND gives TYUH. This does not match UDHS.

• Option 4: BANK : CCQO

  Apply shifts to BANK:

  • B (+1 shift) $\rightarrow$ C
  • A (-2 shift) $\rightarrow$ Y
  • N (+7 shift) $\rightarrow$ U
  • K (+4 shift) $\rightarrow$ O

  Applying the pattern to BANK gives CYUO. This does not match CCQO.

Conclusion

The pattern of sequential letter shifts (+1, -2, +7, +4) found in the pair STOP : TRVT is also observed in the pair HAIL : PLCI. Therefore, HAIL : PLCI is the correct analogy.

Revision Table: Comparing Analogy Patterns

Additional Information on Analogies

Letter analogies are a common type of question in reasoning tests. They assess your ability to identify patterns and relationships between letters or groups of letters. Common patterns include:

• Arithmetic progression of letter positions.
• Skipping a fixed number of letters.
• Relationship based on vowels or consonants.
• Reversing the order of letters.
• Mirroring or symmetry in letter positions.

Solving analogies requires careful observation and systematic testing of potential rules based on letter properties and positions.