Solving the Letter Analogy: EKMR : VPNI :: SJWG : ?

This question is a type of letter analogy problem where we need to find the relationship between the first pair of letters (EKMR and VPNI) and then apply the same relationship to the second pair (SJWG and the missing letters).

Analysing the Relationship Between EKMR and VPNI

Let's look at the position of each letter in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26).

• E is the 5th letter. V is the 22nd letter.
• K is the 11th letter. P is the 16th letter.
• M is the 13th letter. N is the 14th letter.
• R is the 18th letter. I is the 9th letter.

Now, let's examine the relationship between the positions:

• For E and V: $5 + 22 = 27$
• For K and P: $11 + 16 = 27$
• For M and N: $13 + 14 = 27$
• For R and I: $18 + 9 = 27$

We observe a consistent pattern: the sum of the alphabetical positions of the corresponding letters in the pair EKMR and VPNI is always 27. Letters whose positional sum is 27 are known as opposite letters in the alphabet (e.g., A is opposite Z, B is opposite Y, etc.). So, the relationship is that each letter in EKMR is replaced by its opposite letter in the alphabet to form VPNI.

Applying the Same Logic to SJWG

Now, we apply the same rule (replacing each letter with its opposite letter) to SJWG to find the missing letters.

Let's find the alphabetical position of each letter in SJWG:

• S is the 19th letter.
• J is the 10th letter.
• W is the 23rd letter.
• G is the 7th letter.

Now, find the opposite letter for each by finding the letter whose position sums up to 27 with the current letter's position:

• For S (19th letter): We need a letter at position $27 - 19 = 8$. The 8th letter is H.
• For J (10th letter): We need a letter at position $27 - 10 = 17$. The 17th letter is Q.
• For W (23rd letter): We need a letter at position $27 - 23 = 4$. The 4th letter is D.
• For G (7th letter): We need a letter at position $27 - 7 = 20$. The 20th letter is T.

Combining these opposite letters, we get HQDT.

Conclusion

Following the pattern of opposite letters, SJWG becomes HQDT.

Let's check the given options:

1. HQTD
2. HMQT
3. HDTQ
4. HQDT

The calculated result, HQDT, matches option 4.

Revision Table: Letter Analogy Patterns

Additional Information: Mastering Alphabet Reasoning

Alphabet reasoning questions are common in various competitive exams. To master them, it's helpful to:

• Memorize the alphabetical position of each letter (A=1, Z=26).
• Know the opposite letter for each letter (A-Z, B-Y, C-X, etc.).
• Practice identifying different types of patterns like shifts, gaps, and opposite letter relationships.
• Write down the alphabet and its positions or opposites during practice to help visualize relationships.

Understanding these basic principles makes solving letter analogy and series problems much easier.