In the following question, select the related letters from the given alternatives.
SUNG
Understanding Letter Analogies in Reasoning
This question involves a letter analogy, which is a common type of verbal reasoning problem. In a letter analogy, a relationship is established between two sets of letters or words, and you need to find a similar relationship to complete a second pair.
The given analogy is GLOR : FJLN ∷ TWQK : ?. We need to determine the rule or pattern connecting GLOR to FJLN and then apply that same rule to TWQK to find the missing term.
Analyzing the First Pair: GLOR to FJLN
Let's examine the relationship between each corresponding letter in the first pair, GLOR and FJLN. We can look at their positions in the English alphabet.
- G is the 7th letter, and F is the 6th letter.
- L is the 12th letter, and J is the 10th letter.
- O is the 15th letter, and L is the 12th letter.
- R is the 18th letter, and N is the 14th letter.
Let's represent this as a transformation:
| Original Letter | Position | Transformed Letter | Position | Position Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | 7 | F | 6 | $\text{6 - 7} = \text{-1}$ |
| L | 12 | J | 10 | $\text{10 - 12} = \text{-2}$ |
| O | 15 | L | 12 | $\text{12 - 15} = \text{-3}$ |
| R | 18 | N | 14 | $\text{14 - 18} = \text{-4}$ |
Identifying the Pattern in GLOR to FJLN
From the analysis, we can see a clear pattern in the change of letter positions:
- The first letter's position decreases by 1.
- The second letter's position decreases by 2.
- The third letter's position decreases by 3.
- The fourth letter's position decreases by 4.
The pattern is a consecutive decrease in letter position by 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the respective letters.
Applying the Pattern to the Second Pair: TWQK to ?
Now, we apply this identified pattern to the letters in TWQK to find the corresponding letters.
- T is the 20th letter. Decrease its position by 1: $\text{20 - 1} = \text{19}$. The 19th letter is S.
- W is the 23rd letter. Decrease its position by 2: $\text{23 - 2} = \text{21}$. The 21st letter is U.
- Q is the 17th letter. Decrease its position by 3: $\text{17 - 3} = \text{14}$. The 14th letter is N.
- K is the 11th letter. Decrease its position by 4: $\text{11 - 4} = \text{7}$. The 7th letter is G.
Let's represent this transformation:
| Original Letter | Position | Position Change | New Position | Transformed Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | 20 | -1 | $\text{20 - 1} = \text{19}$ | S |
| W | 23 | -2 | $\text{23 - 2} = \text{21}$ | U |
| Q | 17 | -3 | $\text{17 - 3} = \text{14}$ | N |
| K | 11 | -4 | $\text{11 - 4} = \text{7}$ | G |
Determining the Related Letters for TWQK
Following the pattern, the letters corresponding to TWQK are S, U, N, and G. Combining these letters, we get the word SUNG.
Comparing with Options
Now, let's check the given options to see which one matches our derived term:
- Option 1: SUNG
- Option 2: SUMG
- Option 3: SUGN
- Option 4: SUGM
Our derived term SUNG matches Option 1.
Conclusion: Solving the Letter Analogy
Based on the pattern identified from the first pair GLOR : FJLN (decreasing letter positions by 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively), applying the same pattern to TWQK results in SUNG. Therefore, the related letters for TWQK are SUNG.
Revision Table: Key Analogy Concepts
| Concept | Description | Example Pattern Types |
|---|---|---|
| Letter Analogy | Finding the relationship between a pair of letters/words and applying it to another pair. | Position shift, letter skipping, reverse order, vowel/consonant patterns. |
| Position Shift | Adding or subtracting a fixed or varying number from the letter's alphabetical position. | A+1=B, C-2=A, etc. |
| Pattern Recognition | Identifying the logical rule connecting the elements in the first pair. | Sequential shifts (like -1, -2, -3, -4), alternating shifts (+1, -1, +1, -1), etc. |
Additional Information: Exploring Related Letter Puzzles
Letter analogies are part of a broader category of letter-based reasoning problems. Understanding different types of patterns can help solve these questions quickly during exams.
- Letter Series: Finding the next term in a sequence of letters based on a specific rule (e.g., AB, CD, EF, ...).
- Coding-Decoding: Deciphering a coded message based on a given code word and applying the rule to encode or decode another word. This often involves position shifts or substitution patterns similar to analogies.
- Jumbled Letters: Rearranging letters to form meaningful words. While not directly an analogy, it tests familiarity with letter combinations.
Practicing various types of letter-based puzzles helps improve logical reasoning and pattern recognition skills essential for competitive exams.
Important Questions from Letter Based
Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster.
PDK : QFN :: SJQ : ?
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
FASTER : AEFRST :: KINGDOM : ?
Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
PRACTISE : ACEIPRST :: TECHNOLOGY : ?
Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter cluster.
RJB : TGF :: QPG : ?
Select the option that is related to the third word in the same way as the second word is related to the first word. (The words must be considered as meaningful English words and must not be related to each other based on the number of letters/number of consonants/vowels in the word.)
Ant ∶ Antling ∶ ∶ Deer ∶ ?
