In the circuit below, the opamp is ideal. 
If the circuit is to show sustained oscillations, the respective values of $𝑅_1$ and the corresponding frequency of oscillation are _____.
To determine the conditions for sustained oscillations in the given circuit, we analyze the feedback network and apply the Barkhausen Criterion.
The circuit consists of a non-inverting amplifier and an RC feedback network connected to the non-inverting terminal (\(+\)). The feedback network is a two-stage Lead-Lag network (common in Wien Bridge oscillators), consisting of:
The feedback factor \(\beta(s)\) is the transfer function from the output of the op-amp (\(V_{out}\)) to the non-inverting input (\(V_+\)). Using circuit analysis:
$$\beta(s) = \frac{V_+}{V_{out}} = \frac{1}{sRC + 3 + \frac{1}{sRC}}$$
Substituting \(s = j\omega\):
$$\beta(j\omega) = \frac{1}{3 + j\left(\omega RC - \frac{1}{\omega RC}\right)}$$
For sustained oscillations, the loop gain must satisfy \(A\beta = 1\), where \(A\) is the gain of the non-inverting amplifier. This requires two conditions:
Based on the analysis, for sustained oscillations, the respective values are:
The correct option is \(2R\) and \(1/(2\pi RC)\).
A relaxation oscillator is one which:
In a phase shift oscillator, the frequency determining elements are _____.
In a voltage series feedback amplifier, if R iis the input resistance without feedback. then input resistance with feedback is: