Jain Mahāvratas Identification
The question asks to identify the correct set of Mahāvratas (great vows) from the options provided, which are central to Jain ethical discipline.
Understanding Mahāvratas
Mahāvratas are the five core vows undertaken by ascetics (monks and nuns) in Jainism. They represent the highest principles of ethical conduct. These vows are:
- Ahimsā: Non-violence or non-injury in thought, word, and deed.
- Satya: Truthfulness, avoiding falsehood.
- Asteya: Non-stealing, not taking anything that is not willingly given.
- Brahmacarya: Chastity or celibacy; control over senses, particularly sexual urges.
- Aparigraha: Non-possession or detachment from material possessions and worldly attachments.
Analyzing the Options
Let's examine each option against the established Mahāvratas:
- Option 1: Lists Ahimsā, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacarya, and Aparigraha. This exactly matches the five Mahāvratas.
- Option 2: Includes Karuṇā (compassion) and Maitrī (friendliness) instead of Asteya and Aparigraha. Karuṇā and Maitrī are important virtues but not part of the five Mahāvratas.
- Option 3: Includes Maitrī (friendliness) instead of Aparigraha. Maitrī is not one of the five Mahāvratas.
- Option 4: Includes Maitrī (friendliness) instead of Brahmacarya. Maitrī is not one of the five Mahāvratas.
Conclusion
Option 1 correctly lists all five Mahāvratas as defined in Jain ethical discipline.
Important Questions from Religion & Indian Society
- In Kāṣmīra Śaivism, Śiva is the only reality which assumes forms in cosmic manifestations. How many principles (tattvas) of cosmic manifestations does Kāṣmīra Śaivism admit?
- How many Pramāṇas are accepted in the Advaita theory of knowledge?
- Which one among the following is the theory of error advocated by Nyāya school of Indian philosophy?
- In Sānkhya system of Indian thought, _________ is constituted by (or a unity of) three guņas - sattva, rajas and tamas.
Rabindranath Tagore, in his The Religion of Man, claims that the aim of religion is the realization of oneness of the individual soul with the supreme soul. Such a realization is possible in _________
