(a) Real Income
(b) Money Income
(c) Price ratio
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Price Effect Analysis: Identifying Constant Factors
The price effect refers to how a change in the price of a good influences the quantity demanded. Understanding what remains constant is key to analyzing this effect.
Key Economic Concepts Defined
- Money Income: This is the actual amount of money a consumer possesses or receives. It's the nominal amount.
- Real Income: This represents the purchasing power of money income. It indicates how many goods and services can be bought with the available money. Real income changes when prices change.
- Price Ratio: This is the relative price of one good compared to another (e.g., the price of apples relative to the price of oranges).
Reasoning for Constant Factors
When explaining the fundamental price effect, the standard economic approach assumes that the consumer's actual money income does not change. A change in the price of a specific good directly impacts the consumer's real income (their ability to buy goods and services). The price ratio between goods inherently changes if the price of one good changes relative to another.
Therefore, in the context of the price effect:
- (a) Real Income: Changes as the price changes (its purchasing power fluctuates).
- (b) Money Income: Remains constant.
- (c) Price ratio: Changes if the price of one good changes relative to another.
Based on this, only money income (b) is constant.
Important Questions from Microeconomics
Which of the following statement is correct?
I. Indifference curves are sloping from left to right.
II. Higher indifference curve gives a higher level of utility.
If in a production process, all inputs are tripled, which of the following statements follows?
I. If the output is tripled, then decreasing returns to scale apply.
II. When the output is doubled, constant returns to scale apply.
III. If the output is more than tripled, then increasing returns to scale apply.
When it is not possible to make someone good without harming someone, then such a situation is called
According to Ricardo what condition is necessary to make possible international trade between two countries?
Match List I with List II:
List- I
Shape of revenue curve of the firm
List – II
Market structure
A.
Kinked revenue-curve (I)
Monopolistic competition B.
Infinitely elastic straight line curve (II)
Perfect competition C.
Relatively less elastic curve (III)
Oligopoly D.
Relatively high elastic curve (IV)
Monopoly.
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