Understanding Coding-Decoding in Reasoning

This problem is a classic example of coding and decoding based on common words in different sentences. We are given three sentences and their corresponding coded forms. Our goal is to decipher the code for each word by comparing the sentences and their codes.

Analyzing the Given Coded Sentences

We have the following information:

• Sentence 1: PAPER IS WHITE is coded as JH NX TRO
• Sentence 2: BOTTLES ARE WHITE is coded as HN NX TP
• Sentence 3: BOTTLES IS BROKEN is coded as HN TRO SNG

Step-by-Step Decoding Process

Let's compare the sentences to find common words and their corresponding codes.

Step 1: Comparing Sentence 1 and Sentence 2

Sentences 1 and 2 are:

• PAPER IS WHITE
• BOTTLES ARE WHITE

The common word in both sentences is 'WHITE'.

Their codes are:

• JH NX TRO
• HN NX TP

The common code in both code phrases is 'NX'.

Therefore, we can deduce that the code for 'WHITE' is 'NX'.

Conclusion: WHITE = NX

Step 2: Comparing Sentence 1 and Sentence 3

Sentences 1 and 3 are:

• PAPER IS WHITE
• BOTTLES IS BROKEN

The common word in both sentences is 'IS'.

Their codes are:

• JH NX TRO
• HN TRO SNG

The common code in both code phrases is 'TRO'.

Therefore, we can deduce that the code for 'IS' is 'TRO'.

Conclusion: IS = TRO

Step 3: Comparing Sentence 2 and Sentence 3

Sentences 2 and 3 are:

• BOTTLES ARE WHITE
• BOTTLES IS BROKEN

The common word in both sentences is 'BOTTLES'.

Their codes are:

• HN NX TP
• HN TRO SNG

The common code in both code phrases is 'HN'.

Therefore, we can deduce that the code for 'BOTTLES' is 'HN'.

Conclusion: BOTTLES = HN

Finding the Code for 'PAPER'

Now we need to find the code for 'PAPER'. Let's look back at Sentence 1:

'PAPER IS WHITE' is coded as 'JH NX TRO'.

From our previous steps, we know:

• IS = TRO
• WHITE = NX

Substituting these into the first coded sentence:

'PAPER' + 'TRO' + 'NX' = 'JH' + 'NX' + 'TRO'

If we remove the codes for 'IS' (TRO) and 'WHITE' (NX) from both sides, we are left with:

'PAPER' = 'JH'

Thus, the code for 'PAPER' is 'JH'.

Summary of Decoded Words and Codes

Based on the analysis, we have the following word-code pairs:

From Sentence 2: BOTTLES ARE WHITE = HN NX TP. Since BOTTLES = HN and WHITE = NX, then ARE = TP.

From Sentence 3: BOTTLES IS BROKEN = HN TRO SNG. Since BOTTLES = HN and IS = TRO, then BROKEN = SNG.

Conclusion: Code for PAPER

The code for the word 'PAPER' in this language is 'JH'.

Revision Table: Key Concepts in Coding Decoding

Additional Information: Types of Coding Decoding

Coding and decoding problems are common in reasoning sections of competitive exams. They test your ability to identify patterns and rules. Besides sentence-based coding, other types include:

• Letter Coding: Letters are replaced by other letters based on a pattern (e.g., shifting positions in the alphabet).
• Number/Symbol Coding: Words or letters are assigned numerical values or symbols.
• Mixed Coding: A combination of letters, numbers, and symbols are used.
• Substitution: Words are substituted with other words (e.g., 'red' is called 'blue').

Practicing different types helps in quickly identifying the underlying logic.