Understanding Coding and Decoding Logic

This problem involves coding and decoding, a common type of question in reasoning sections. We are given a word, JACKAL, and its coded form, 11-2-4-12-2-13. Our task is to decipher the rule used for this coding and then apply the same rule to find the code for the word TIGER.

Analyzing the Coding Pattern for JACKAL

Let's look at the letters in JACKAL and their corresponding numbers in the code:

Now, let's compare these codes to the standard alphabetical positions of each letter (A=1, B=2, C=3, and so on).

Observing the table, we can see a clear pattern. For each letter, the code is exactly one more than its alphabetical position.

• J is the 10th letter, and its code is 11 ($10+1 = 11$).
• A is the 1st letter, and its code is 2 ($1+1 = 2$).
• C is the 3rd letter, and its code is 4 ($3+1 = 4$).
• K is the 11th letter, and its code is 12 ($11+1 = 12$).
• A is the 1st letter, and its code is 2 ($1+1 = 2$).
• L is the 12th letter, and its code is 13 ($12+1 = 13$).

The rule is: Code = Alphabetical Position + 1.

Applying the Coding Logic to TIGER

Now we apply the same rule to the word TIGER.

First, find the alphabetical position of each letter in TIGER:

• T is the 20th letter.
• I is the 9th letter.
• G is the 7th letter.
• E is the 5th letter.
• R is the 18th letter.

Next, apply the rule (Alphabetical Position + 1) to each letter:

• T: $20 + 1 = 21$
• I: $9 + 1 = 10$
• G: $7 + 1 = 8$
• E: $5 + 1 = 6$
• R: $18 + 1 = 19$

So, the code for TIGER is 21-10-8-6-19.

Comparing with Options

Let's check the given options:

• Option 1: 21-10-8-6-19
• Option 2: 19-12-10-8-17
• Option 3: 20-9-7-5-18
• Option 4: 22-11-9-7-20

Our calculated code, 21-10-8-6-19, matches Option 1.

Final Answer Derivation

Based on the established coding logic where each letter's code is its alphabetical position plus one, the word TIGER is coded as 21-10-8-6-19.

Revision Table: Coding Decoding Review

Additional Information: Types of Coding Decoding

Coding and decoding questions test your ability to identify patterns and apply rules. Common types include:

• Letter Shifting: Each letter is shifted a fixed number of positions forward or backward in the alphabet.
• Alphabetical Position: Using the numerical position of letters (A=1, B=2, ... Z=26) directly or with some modification (like +1, -1, doubling, etc.).
• Reverse Alphabetical Position: Using the numerical position counting backward from Z (Z=1, Y=2, ... A=26).
• Opposite Letters: Using pairs of letters opposite to each other in the alphabet (A is opposite Z, B is opposite Y, etc.).
• Mixed Patterns: Combining two or more of the above methods.

Practicing various types helps in quickly identifying the logic in exam questions.