The problem asks us to modify the digits of a given number based on whether they are odd or even, and then find the sum of two specific digits in the resulting number.

Step 1: Understand the Transformation Rules

The rules for transforming the digits of the number 8574162 are:

• If a digit is odd, add 1 to it.
• If a digit is even, subtract 2 from it.

Step 2: Apply the Rules to Each Digit

Let's process each digit of the number 8574162:

• 8 (Even): $8 - 2 = 6$
• 5 (Odd): $5 + 1 = 6$
• 7 (Odd): $7 + 1 = 8$
• 4 (Even): $4 - 2 = 2$
• 1 (Odd): $1 + 1 = 2$
• 6 (Even): $6 - 2 = 4$
• 2 (Even): $2 - 2 = 0$

Step 3: Form the New Number

After applying the transformations, the sequence of digits becomes 6, 6, 8, 2, 2, 4, 0. So, the new number formed is 6682240.

Step 4: Identify the Required Digits

We need to find the digits that are:

• Second from the left: In the number 6682240, the digits from left to right are 6, 6, 8, 2, 2, 4, 0. The second digit from the left is 6.
• Second from the right: The digits from right to left are 0, 4, 2, 2, 8, 6, 6. The second digit from the right is 4.

Step 5: Calculate the Sum

The final step is to calculate the sum of the two identified digits:

Sum = (Digit second from the left) + (Digit second from the right)

Sum = $6 + 4$

Sum = $10$

Therefore, the sum of the digits which are second from the left and second from the right in the new number is 10.