Justice Party's Role in Madras Presidency

The question asks to identify the political party that initiated the Anti-Non Cooperation League in the Madras Presidency. This league was formed in response to the widespread Non-Cooperation Movement launched by the Indian National Congress.

Understanding the Anti-Non Cooperation League

The Non-Cooperation Movement, initiated by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress around 1920-22, aimed to achieve Swaraj (self-rule) through non-violent means, including boycotting British institutions and goods.

However, not all political groups supported this movement. In the Madras Presidency, a specific league was established to oppose the principles and methods of the Non-Cooperation Movement. This organization was known as the Anti-Non Cooperation League.

Identifying the Founding Party

Historical records indicate that the Justice Party was the main political entity in the Madras Presidency that actively opposed the Non-Cooperation Movement.

• The Justice Party, primarily representing the interests of non-Brahmin communities, viewed the Congress-led movement with suspicion.
• They believed that the widespread disruption caused by non-cooperation would harm the administrative machinery and potentially benefit anti-social elements.
• Therefore, the Justice Party took the initiative to form the Anti-Non Cooperation League to counter the influence of the Congress and advocate for participation within the existing governmental framework.

Analysis of Other Options

Let's briefly consider why the other options are not the correct answer:

• Indian National Congress: This party was the *leader* of the Non-Cooperation Movement, not its opponent.
• Communist Party: While critical of the Congress at times, the Communist Party of India was still in its nascent stages during the Non-Cooperation Movement period and did not lead the formation of an anti-league in Madras.
• Swatantra Party: This party was formed much later, in the 1950s, and is irrelevant to the events of the 1920s.

Based on historical context, the Justice Party was the driving force behind the formation of the Anti-Non Cooperation League in the Madras Presidency.