Read the following passage and answer the next five questions: In nature, populations of different species in a habitat do not live in isolation but interact in many ways. Depending on the outcome, these interactions between two species are classified as competition, predation and parasitism, commensalism, amensalism and mutualism. Through these interactions trophic energy transfer is facilitated. Some predators help in controlling their prey populations, whereas plants have evolved diverse morphological and chemical defenses against herbivores.
Identify the incorrect matching from the following population interactions: (1) +, + → Mutualism (2) +, – → Parasitism (3) –, – → Predation (4) –, 0 → AmensalismSpecies A Species B Interaction + + Mutualism + – Parasitism – – Predation – 0 Amensalism
–, – → Predation
The incorrect matching is option (3): Predation involves one species benefitting (+) while the other is harmed (–), not both being harmed (–, –).
Correct interactions:
1. Mutualism (+, +): Both species benefit (e.g., bees and flowers).
2. Parasitism (+, –): The parasite benefits, and the host is harmed (e.g., tapeworm in humans).
3. Amensalism (–, 0): One species is harmed, and the other is unaffected (e.g., Penicillium secreting antibiotics that kill bacteria).
4. Predation (+, –): The predator benefits, and the prey is harmed (e.g., lion and deer).
Similar Questions
Which of the following equation is correct about Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth?
Name the population interaction which takes place when one species is benefitted and another species has no effect (no benefit, no harm).
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: An orchid grows as an epiphyte on a mango branch where the mango tree does not derive any apparent benefit from it.
Statement II: An orchid growing on a mango tree is an example of commensalism.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List-I with List-II:
List-I (Examples) List-II (Interactions) (A) Extinction of Abingdon tortoise after introduction of goats on Galapagos Islands (I) Parasitism (B) Infestations of marine fish by copepods (II) Commensalism (C) Cattle egret and grazing cattle (III) Mutualism (D) Fig tree and wasp (IV) Competition Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Select the incorrect pair in response to abiotic factors:
(1) We maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C – Conformer
(2) Every winter Keoladeo National Park hosts the birds coming from Siberia – Migration
(3) Under unfavourable conditions, many zooplankton species in ponds enter the stage of suspended development – Diapause
(4) If a predator is too efficient, it overexploits its prey – Extinction
Match List-I with List-II:
List-I (Interspecies Relationships)
List-II (Features)
List-I List-II (A) Commensalism (I) One species is benefitted at the expense of the other (B) Mutualism (II) One species is harmed and the other is unaffected (C) Amensalism (III) Both the species are benefitted (D) Parasitism (IV) One species benefits, and the other remains unaffected Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
In a country, at any time, the population has the same number of young and mature ones. What type of growth does it reflect?
Two closely related species can co-exist indefinitely and violate the Gause’s ‘Competitive Exclusion Principle’ by:
Important Questions from Organisms and Environment
Some of the fresh water fishes commonly found in India are: (A) Hilsa (B) Pomfrets (C) Catla (D) Rohu (E) Common carp
Which of the following does not show parthenogenesis?
'Barnacles' growing on the back of a whale is a classical example of:
The interaction between two species where one species benefits and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is known as:
In a laboratory population of 80 fruit flies, 8 died in a week. What is the death rate of fruit flies?
