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Question

I bought two shirts for ₹1,200. I sold the first one at a loss of 8% and the second at a gain of 24%. If, on the whole I made neither a loss nor a gain, find the cost price (in ₹) of the first shirt.

The correct answer is
₹900

Understanding the Shirt Cost Price Problem

This problem involves calculating the initial cost price of a shirt based on its selling price after a loss, the details of another shirt sold at a profit, and the overall financial outcome (no profit, no loss).

Analyzing the Given Information

  • Total cost price of two shirts = ₹1,200.
  • The first shirt was sold at a loss of 8%.
  • The second shirt was sold at a gain of 24%.
  • The overall transaction resulted in neither a loss nor a gain.

Step-by-Step Calculation for First Shirt Cost Price

Let's denote the cost price (CP) and selling price (SP) for the two shirts.

Let the cost price of the first shirt be $C_1$ and the cost price of the second shirt be $C_2$.

We know that the total cost price is $C_1 + C_2 = ₹1,200$.

Calculating Selling Prices

First Shirt:

  • Loss = 8%
  • Selling Price ($SP_1$) = $C_1 \times (1 - \frac{\text{Loss percentage}}{100})$
  • $SP_1 = C_1 \times (1 - \frac{8}{100}) = C_1 \times (1 - 0.08) = 0.92 C_1$

Second Shirt:

  • Gain = 24%
  • Selling Price ($SP_2$) = $C_2 \times (1 + \frac{\text{Gain percentage}}{100})$
  • $SP_2 = C_2 \times (1 + \frac{24}{100}) = C_2 \times (1 + 0.24) = 1.24 C_2$

Applying the Overall Profit/Loss Condition

The problem states that there was neither a loss nor a gain overall. This means the total selling price equals the total cost price.

Total Selling Price = Total Cost Price

$SP_1 + SP_2 = C_1 + C_2$

$0.92 C_1 + 1.24 C_2 = ₹1,200$

Solving the Equations

We have a system of two linear equations:

  1. $C_1 + C_2 = 1,200$
  2. $0.92 C_1 + 1.24 C_2 = 1,200$

From the first equation, we can express $C_2$ in terms of $C_1$: $C_2 = 1,200 - C_1$

Now, substitute this expression for $C_2$ into the second equation:

$0.92 C_1 + 1.24 (1,200 - C_1) = 1,200$

Distribute $1.24$:

$0.92 C_1 + (1.24 \times 1,200) - 1.24 C_1 = 1,200$

$0.92 C_1 + 1,488 - 1.24 C_1 = 1,200$

Combine the $C_1$ terms:

$(0.92 - 1.24) C_1 + 1,488 = 1,200$

$-0.32 C_1 = 1,200 - 1,488$

$-0.32 C_1 = -288$

Now, solve for $C_1$:

$C_1 = \frac{-288}{-0.32}$

$C_1 = \frac{288}{0.32}$

To simplify the division, we can multiply the numerator and denominator by 100:

$C_1 = \frac{288 \times 100}{32}$

$C_1 = \frac{28,800}{32}$

Performing the division:

$C_1 = 900$

Verification

Let's check if this value of $C_1$ works:

  • If $C_1 = ₹900$, then $C_2 = 1,200 - 900 = ₹300$.
  • $SP_1 = 0.92 \times 900 = ₹828$.
  • $SP_2 = 1.24 \times 300 = ₹372$.
  • Total SP = $SP_1 + SP_2 = 828 + 372 = ₹1,200$.

Since the Total SP (₹1,200) equals the Total CP (₹1,200), our calculation is correct.

Conclusion

The cost price of the first shirt is ₹900.

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Important Questions from Mixture and Alligation

  1. There are two containers A and B. In container A, the ratio of milk and water is 1:3 and in container B, the ratio of milk and water is \(m:n\). If the mixture in the containers A and B are mixed in the ratio 2:3 to get 20 litres of a mixture having milk and water in the ratio 3:7, then what is the value of \(\frac{m}{n}\)?
  2. Pure ghee costs ₹112/kg. After adulterating it with vegetable oil costing ₹56/kg, a dishonest shopkeeper sells the mixture at the rate of ₹91/kg, thereby making a profit of 30%. In what ratio does he mix the two?
  3. Container A contains $30$ litres of pure milk costing $₹40$ per litre, and container B contains $50$ litres of pure milk costing $₹50$ per litre. The entire contents are mixed together. By how much is the average cost per litre of the mixture more or less than the average cost per litre of container A's milk?
  4. Pure ghee costs $₹86/kg$. After adulterating it with vegetable oil costing $₹43/kg$, a dishonest shopkeeper sells the mixture at the rate of $₹80/kg$, thereby making a profit of $60\%$. In what ratio does he mix the two?
  5. A sample of milk from a vessel contains 4% water. What quantity of pure milk should be added to 8 L of milk in the vessel to reduce the water content to 2%?
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