How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)? 1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by the executive order of the Government. 2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
2 only
Understanding NGT and CPCB Differences
This question asks us to compare and contrast the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) based on two given statements.
Statement 1: Establishment of NGT and CPCB
The first statement claims that the NGT was established by an Act, while the CPCB was created by an executive order of the government.
- National Green Tribunal (NGT): The NGT is a specialized judicial body established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. This Act was passed by the Parliament of India. So, the part about NGT being established by an Act is correct.
- Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB): The CPCB is a statutory organization constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. It was later also entrusted with powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Being constituted under specific Acts of Parliament means it is a statutory body, not created by an executive order.
Therefore, the claim that CPCB was created by an executive order is incorrect. Both NGT and CPCB are established under specific Acts of Parliament.
Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 2: Roles and Functions of NGT and CPCB
The second statement describes the functions of NGT and CPCB.
- National Green Tribunal (NGT): The primary role of the NGT is to handle environmental cases, provide environmental justice, and ensure effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests and other natural resources. By handling these specialized cases, it helps reduce the workload and burden of litigation on higher courts like High Courts and the Supreme Court. This description aligns with the NGT's purpose and functions.
- Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB): The CPCB's functions, as outlined in the Water Act, 1974 and Air Act, 1981, include promoting cleanliness of streams and wells and improving the quality of air in the country. These are core responsibilities of the CPCB related to pollution prevention and control.
Both parts of this statement accurately describe the roles and functions of the NGT and the CPCB.
Thus, Statement 2 is correct.
Conclusion on NGT and CPCB Differences
Based on the analysis of the two statements:
- Statement 1 is incorrect because both NGT and CPCB are statutory bodies established under specific Acts of Parliament.
- Statement 2 is correct as it accurately describes the functional differences and roles of NGT (environmental justice, reducing court burden) and CPCB (pollution control, improving water and air quality).
Therefore, only Statement 2 is correct.
| Feature | National Green Tribunal (NGT) | Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) |
|---|---|---|
| Establishment | National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 | Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (and Air Act, 1981) |
| Nature | Specialized judicial body (Tribunal) | Statutory organization (Board) |
| Primary Role | Environmental justice, dispute resolution, reduce litigation burden on higher courts | Implement environmental laws, monitor pollution, advise government, technical functions |
| Function examples mentioned in Statement 2 | Provides environmental justice, helps reduce burden of litigation in higher courts | Promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, aims to improve quality of air |
Revision Table: Environmental Bodies in India
| Body | Established By | Type | Main Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Green Tribunal (NGT) | National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 | Judicial Tribunal | Expeditious disposal of environmental cases |
| Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) | Water Act, 1974 (and Air Act, 1981) | Statutory Authority | Pollution prevention, control, and abatement |
Additional Information on NGT and CPCB
The NGT and CPCB are important institutions for environmental protection in India, but they have distinct roles and structures.
- NGT's Jurisdiction: The NGT deals with cases related to specific environmental laws listed in its Schedule, including the Water Act, Air Act, Environment Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, Biological Diversity Act, etc. It has original jurisdiction on applications seeking relief and compensation for damages to persons and property due to environmental degradation or violation of laws.
- CPCB's Mandate: The CPCB performs various technical and regulatory functions. It lays down standards for streams, wells, and air quality, monitors pollution levels, grants permissions (consent) for industries to operate under environmental laws, conducts research, and provides technical assistance to state pollution control boards and the government.
- Relationship: The CPCB is involved in implementing the environmental laws that the NGT interprets and enforces judicially. The NGT may hear cases against decisions or actions taken by the CPCB or State Pollution Control Boards.
- Importance: Both bodies are crucial for upholding environmental standards and ensuring sustainable development in the country. NGT provides a dedicated forum for environmental disputes, while CPCB acts as the primary regulatory and monitoring authority.
Important Questions from Other Dimensions
Consider the following statements with reference to the Bhoodan Movement:
1. Vinoba Bhave organized "The Sarvodaya Samaj' to take up the work of non-violent transformation in India
2. Jayaprakash Narayan withdrew from active politics to join the Bhoodan Movement in 1953
3. In the wake of the Bhoodan Movement the first donation of land was made in the village of Pochampalli in Telangana
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
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