Group - I gives a list of devices and Group - II gives the list of uses Group - I Group - II P. Pitot tube 1. Measuring pressure in a pipe Q. Manometer 2. Measuring velocity of flow in a pipe R. Venturimeter 3. Measuring air and gas velocity S. Anemometer 4. Measuring discharge in a pipe
P – 2, Q – 1, R – 4, S – 3
Fluid Measurement Devices and Their Applications
Understanding the purpose of various fluid measurement devices is crucial in fluid mechanics. This question asks us to correctly match common devices from Group - I with their primary uses from Group - II.
Pitot Tube: Measuring Velocity of Flow
- A Pitot tube is a device used to measure the local velocity of fluid flow at a specific point.
- It operates on the principle that when a fluid stagnates, its kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy, known as stagnation pressure.
- By measuring this stagnation pressure and the static pressure, the fluid velocity can be calculated using Bernoulli's equation.
- Therefore, a Pitot tube is primarily used for measuring velocity of flow in a pipe. This matches P with 2.
Manometer: Measuring Pressure in a Pipe
- A Manometer is a device used for measuring pressure, particularly small and moderate pressures.
- It typically consists of a U-shaped tube containing a liquid (like mercury or water).
- The difference in the height of the liquid columns indicates the pressure difference or the gauge pressure.
- Manometers are widely used for measuring pressure in a pipe, tanks, or to find pressure differences across flow devices. This matches Q with 1.
Venturimeter: Measuring Discharge in a Pipe
- A Venturimeter is an instrument used for measuring the rate of flow (or discharge) of fluid in a pipe.
- It works on the principle of Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation.
- It consists of a converging cone, a cylindrical throat, and a diverging cone. The pressure difference between the inlet and the throat is used to calculate the flow rate.
- Hence, a Venturimeter is designed for measuring discharge in a pipe. This matches R with 4.
Anemometer: Measuring Air and Gas Velocity
- An Anemometer is a device specifically used for measuring wind speed or the velocity of gases.
- There are various types, such as cup anemometers, hot-wire anemometers, and sonic anemometers, each with different operating principles.
- These devices are commonly used in meteorology, HVAC systems, and industrial applications to measure airflow.
- Thus, an Anemometer is used for measuring air and gas velocity. This matches S with 3.
Summary of Matches
| Group - I (Device) | Group - II (Use) | Match |
|---|---|---|
| P. Pitot tube | 2. Measuring velocity of flow in a pipe | P – 2 |
| Q. Manometer | 1. Measuring pressure in a pipe | Q – 1 |
| R. Venturimeter | 4. Measuring discharge in a pipe | R – 4 |
| S. Anemometer | 3. Measuring air and gas velocity | S – 3 |
Conclusion on Device Applications
Based on the analysis of each device's function, the correct matching is P – 2, Q – 1, R – 4, S – 3.
This corresponds to the option that correctly pairs each fluid measurement device with its primary application.
Important Questions from Fluid Dynamics
The coefficient of contraction Cc for an orifice can be determined using other coefficients; discharge and velocity Cv by the relation.
The ratio of the actual discharge from an orifice to the theoretical discharge from the orifice is defined as:
The equation of continuity of flow is applicable when the-
The science which deals with the action of forces on bodies such that the bodies are at rest is called-
The coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of the-
