Analysis of Assertion and Reason:

Assertion A: Probability Sampling for Quantitative Research

Assertion A states that probability sampling is appropriate for quantitative research. This is correct because quantitative research often aims to generalize findings from a sample to a larger population. Probability sampling methods ensure that each member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected, which helps in creating a representative sample. This representativeness is crucial for the statistical validity and generalizability required in quantitative studies.

Reason R: Bias Reduction in Probability Sampling

Reason R states that probability sampling helps in reducing bias in the selection of samples. This is also correct. Bias occurs when the sampling method systematically favors certain outcomes over others. Probability sampling techniques, by giving every unit a chance of selection, minimize selection bias and systematic errors, leading to a sample that more accurately reflects the population's characteristics.

Connecting Reason R to Assertion A

Reason R provides the core justification for Assertion A. The reason probability sampling is suitable for quantitative research (Assertion A) is precisely because it effectively reduces bias (Reason R). By minimizing bias, probability sampling enhances the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population, allowing for accurate statistical analysis and generalization of results, which are primary goals of quantitative research.

Conclusion

Both statements are correct, and Reason R correctly explains why Assertion A is true.

• Assertion A is correct.
• Reason R is correct.
• Reason R is the correct explanation of Assertion A.

Therefore, the most appropriate option is: Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.