Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) Assertion (A): Sarkaria Commission recommended that Article 356 should be sparingly used. Reason (R): The political parties that came to form the Government at the Centre misused the Article 356.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Sarkaria Commission Recommendation on Article 356
This section analyzes the assertion and reason regarding the Sarkaria Commission's views on Article 356 of the Constitution of India.
Evaluating Assertion (A): Sarkaria Commission's Stance
Assertion (A) states that the Sarkaria Commission recommended that Article 356, concerning the imposition of President's Rule in states, should be used sparingly.
The Sarkaria Commission, established in 1983, examined the constitutional relationship between the Centre and the States. One of its significant areas of focus was the use of Article 356. The Commission observed the frequent use of this article by the central government and its potential to undermine state autonomy. Consequently, the Commission recommended that Article 356 should be used only in exceptional circumstances and as a last resort, thereby advocating for its sparing and judicious application. Thus, Assertion (A) is factually correct.
Evaluating Reason (R): Misuse of Article 356
Reason (R) posits that political parties forming the Government at the Centre misused Article 356.
Historically, Article 356 has been invoked numerous times since India's independence. Several instances indicate that the powers under this article were often used by the central governments for political considerations rather than purely constitutional breakdown in the states. This pattern of usage led to widespread criticism and concerns about the federal structure of the country. Therefore, Reason (R) accurately reflects a major reason behind the scrutiny of Article 356 and is also factually correct.
Connecting Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
The Sarkaria Commission's recommendation to use Article 356 sparingly (Assertion A) was largely driven by the observed pattern of its misuse by central governments for political ends (Reason R). The Commission recognized that the arbitrary or politically motivated imposition of President's Rule could destabilize state governments and erode democratic principles. The concerns detailed in Reason (R) directly informed the cautious approach and specific guidelines suggested by the Commission in Assertion (A). Therefore, the misuse of Article 356 by political parties at the Centre is a fundamental reason why the Sarkaria Commission recommended its sparing use.
Based on this analysis, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) provides the correct explanation for Assertion (A).
Important Questions from Committees and commissions
In the following two sets, Set I mentions the suggested interventions of the Kothari Commission in respect of Teacher Education, Set II provides the concerned target stage/group:
Set-I
(Interventions)
Set-II
(Target Stage/Group)
(a) Two-year training course
(i) In-service training of staff
(b) One-year training course having 230 working days
(ii) Unqualified teachers
(c) Organization of summer institutes
(iii) Primary level (Pre-Service Training)
(d) Correspondence courses and study leave
(iv) Secondary level (Pre-Service Training)
Match the two sets and answer from the codes given below:
Which of the following organizations are mainly associated with policy-making and quality control aspects of teacher education?
(i) CBSE
(ii) ICSSR
(iii) NCERT
(iv) SCERT
(v) NCTE
Choose the correct answer from the code given below:
Who among the following has made the first systematic attempt of planning in India?
Arrange the following chronologically:
A. The National Commission on Teachers - I
B. NCFTE : Towards preparing the Professional and Humane Teacher
C. The NPE review committee
D. National Advisory Committee on Learning without Burden
E. The Curriculum framework for Quality Teacher Education
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Arrange the following in chronological order of their formation starting from the oldest to latest
A. Secondary Education Commission
B. Education Commission
C. National Knowledge Commission
D. University Education Commission
E. Justice Verma Commission
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
