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Question

Consider the ending of T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land together with the author’s accompanying notes:

Assertion (A): The closing sequence brings together identifiable literary and religious references from more than one tradition.

Reason (R): Eliot’s notes identify Gérard de Nerval and Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy among the closing literary references, and explain the repeated “Shantih” as a formal ending to an Upanishad.

Select the correct option.

The correct answer is

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A. Eliot’s own notes identify French poetry, English drama and an Upanishadic ending in the closing sequence. These named sources establish the literary and religious range asserted in A. Calling the references random does not follow from their fragmentary presentation, and one poem’s ending cannot by itself explain a broad historical claim about many writers.

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