Question
Gate is an opening
The correct answer is
in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
Understanding Hydraulic Gates: Definition
A gate in hydraulic engineering is fundamentally a movable barrier used to control or regulate the flow of water. It is typically installed within a larger hydraulic structure such as a dam, weir, canal, or culvert.
Let's analyze the given options to find the most accurate definition of a gate:
- Option 1: "with closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows" - This describes a general conduit or opening for water flow, like an orifice or a pipe. It doesn't specifically define a gate, which is a mechanism *within* or *associated with* such an opening to control flow.
- Option 2: "with prolonged sides having length of 2 – 3 diameters of opening in thick wall" - This describes characteristics of a specific type of flow entrance or passage, perhaps related to a sluice. It is not a general definition covering all types of gates.
- Option 3: "with partially full flow" - This refers to a flow condition where the liquid surface is exposed to the atmosphere. While partially full flow can occur upstream or downstream of a gate (especially in open channels), it is a flow state, not the definition of the gate structure itself.
- Option 4: "in hydraulic structure with regulation provision" - This option provides the most relevant definition. A gate is an integral part of a hydraulic structure, and its defining characteristic is the ability to provide regulation. This means it can be manipulated (opened or closed to varying degrees) to control the volume, level, or direction of water flow.
Therefore, a gate is best defined by its location within a hydraulic structure and its function of regulating water flow.
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Important Questions from Open Channel Flow
- A trapezoidal channel carries $5\text{ m}^3\text{.s}^{-1}$ of water under uniform flow condition. The channel has a bottom width of $2\text{ m}$, side slope of $2:1$ (horizontal: vertical), and a bed slope of $1\%$. If the Manning roughness coefficient is $0.03$, the conveyance of the channel, in $\text{m}^3\text{.s}^{-1}$, is
- Two rectangular channels, A and B, join to form a large rectangular channel, C. Each rectangular channel is lined with the same material and has the same bottom slope. The bottom widths of Channels A and B are $2\text{ m}$ and $1\text{ m}$, respectively. If the flow depth in each channel is $2\text{ m}$, the bottom width of Channel C (in m) is ________. (Rounded off to two decimal places)
- Water is flowing at the rate of 15 m$^3$/s through a rectangular channel of 5 m width.
If the acceleration due to gravity ($g$) is 9.81 m/s$^2$, the critical velocity for the flow is ______ m/s (rounded off to three decimal places). A Hydraulic Jump is said to be Oscillating Jump if its Froude number is ________.
The Francis formula for the discharge over cippoletti weir is
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