Directions: Each of the following passages in this section has some blank spaces with four words or groups of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. Ecology, in a very simple term, is a science that ______(1)_____ the interdependent mutually reactive and interconnected relationships ______(2)______the organisms and ______(3)_______ physical environment on the one hand and among the organisms on the other hand.______(4) ______ the term 'ecology' was first coined and used by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1869, a few conceptual terms______(5)______already proposed to reveal relationships ______(6)______ organisms and their environment. For example, French zoologist I.G. Hilaire used the term 'ethology'______(7) ______ the study of the relations of______(8) _______ organisms within the family and society in the aggregate and in the community. British naturalist St. George Jackson Mivart proposed the term 'hexicology' with regard to the study of the relations______(9) _____ living creatures to other organisms and their environment as regards the nature of the locality they frequent, the temperatures and the______(10) ______ of light which suit them, and their relations to other organisms as enemies, rivals, or accidental and involuntary benefactors.
For example, French zoologist I.G. Hilaire used the term 'ethology' ______(7) ______ the
for
Analyzing the Ecology Passage and Blank (7)
The passage discusses the science of ecology and introduces related terms proposed by early zoologists and naturalists. We need to choose the most appropriate word for blank (7) based on the context of the sentence.
The sentence containing blank (7) is: "For example, French zoologist I.G. Hilaire used the term 'ethology' ______(7) ______ the study of the relations of...".
This sentence structure indicates that the term 'ethology' is being used for or to refer to 'the study of the relations of...'. We need a preposition that connects the term 'ethology' to its definition or purpose, which is the study mentioned.
Evaluating Options for Blank (7)
Let's examine the given options:
- Option 1: for - The preposition 'for' is often used to indicate purpose or the subject of something. Using 'used the term 'ethology' for the study...' means that 'ethology' is the term used to denote that specific study. This fits the context well.
- Option 2: to - The preposition 'to' is typically used to indicate direction, a relationship, or sometimes purpose, but "used the term... to the study" doesn't form a grammatically standard or natural phrase in this context. 'To' might be used if the sentence structure was different, e.g., 'assigned the term 'ethology' to the study'.
- Option 3: with - The preposition 'with' implies association, accompaniment, or having something. "Used the term 'ethology' with the study" doesn't convey that 'ethology' is the name *for* the study.
- Option 4: in - The preposition 'in' can indicate location, time, or a state. "Used the term 'ethology' in the study" would mean the term was used *within* the study itself, not that the term *refers to* the study.
Determining the Correct Preposition
Comparing the options, 'for' is the most suitable preposition to indicate that the term 'ethology' was employed specifically to refer to or designate 'the study of the relations of...'. The phrase "used the term X for Y" is a common and grammatically correct way to state that X is the term used to describe Y.
Conclusion for Blank (7)
Based on the grammatical function and meaning required in the sentence, the word 'for' correctly connects the term 'ethology' to the study it represents.
The complete phrase is: "used the term 'ethology' for the study of the relations of...".
Revision Table: Analyzing Prepositions
| Preposition | Common Usage (Relevant to Sentence) | Fit in Sentence "Used the term X ___ Y" |
|---|---|---|
| For | Indicating purpose or designation | Excellent fit (X is the term for Y) |
| To | Indicating direction or relationship | Poor fit (grammatically awkward) |
| With | Indicating association or accompaniment | Poor fit (doesn't mean X is the term for Y) |
| In | Indicating location or state | Poor fit (means X was used within Y, not for Y) |
Additional Information: Understanding Ethology
The passage mentions I.G. Hilaire using the term 'ethology' for a specific study related to organisms' relations within families and society. While modern ethology is primarily known as the scientific study of animal behavior, especially under natural conditions, this passage highlights an earlier usage or concept. This demonstrates how scientific terminology can evolve over time or have slightly different interpretations among early pioneers in a field. The core idea, however, revolves around studying the interactions and relationships of living organisms.
Important Questions from Vocab Based Questions
Which of the following fits the blank (1) appropriately?
Which of the following fits the blank (2) appropriately?
Which of the following fits the blank (3) appropriately?
Which of the following fits the blank (4) appropriately?
Which of the following fits the blank (5) appropriately?
