Question
Following are included in the 25 elements as per Sāṃkhya philosophy :
A. Manas
B. Buddhi
C. Ahaṃkāra
D. Pañca tanmātrā
E. Sapta Padārtha
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
The correct answer is
A B C D Only
Sāṃkhya Philosophy: Understanding the 25 Elements
The Sāṃkhya school of Indian philosophy posits a system of $25$ fundamental principles or elements, known as tattvas. These tattvas represent the constituents of the universe and consciousness.
Reasoning for Correct Answer
The $25$ Sāṃkhya tattvas are typically categorized as follows:
- Prakṛti (Primordial Matter): The unmanifest source.
- Mahat (Cosmic Intellect / Buddhi): The first evolute.
- Ahaṃkāra (Ego): The principle of individuation, evolving from Mahat.
- Eleven Indriyas (Instruments): Evolving from Ahaṃkāra.
- Manas (Mind): The sensory-motor integrating faculty.
- Five Jñānendriyas (Cognitive Faculties): Sight, sound, smell, taste, touch.
- Five Karmendriyas (Active Faculties): Speech, grasping, locomotion, excretion, procreation.
- Five Tanmātrās (Subtle Elements): Sound, touch, form, taste, smell; evolving from Ahaṃkāra (specifically the sattvic aspect).
- Five Mahābhūtas (Gross Elements): Ether, air, fire, water, earth; evolving from the Tanmātrās (specifically the tamasic aspect).
- Puruṣa (Consciousness/Spirit): Pure consciousness, distinct from Prakṛti and its evolutes.
Now, let's evaluate the given options:
- A. Manas: Included as one of the $11$ Indriyas within the $25$ tattvas.
- B. Buddhi: Included as Mahat, the first evolute of Prakṛti.
- C. Ahaṃkāra: Included as the second evolute of Prakṛti.
- D. Pañca tanmātrā: Included as the five subtle elements.
- E. Sapta Padārtha: This term refers to categories in other philosophical systems (like Nyāya) and is not part of the standard Sāṃkhya list of $25$ tattvas.
Therefore, Manas, Buddhi, Ahaṃkāra, and Pañca tanmātrā are all part of the $25$ Sāṃkhya elements.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, options A, B, C, and D are correctly included in the $25$ elements of Sāṃkhya philosophy. Option E is not.
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