Question
Fermentation of idli and dosa batter involves :
The correct answer is
Mixed lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation
Fermentation Process in Idli and Dosa Batter
The characteristic texture and flavor of idli and dosa are achieved through a complex microbial process involving the batter.
Microorganisms Involved
Idli and dosa batter typically contain a mix of microorganisms, primarily:
- Yeast (like Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, such as Lactobacillus species)
Dual Fermentation Mechanism
These microorganisms work together to produce a mixed fermentation:
- Alcoholic Fermentation: Yeast consumes carbohydrates (sugars) in the batter and produces ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide gas ($\text{CO}_2$). The released $\text{CO}_2$ gas causes the batter to rise and become fluffy.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Lactic acid bacteria convert sugars into lactic acid. This acid contributes a tangy flavor and also helps to tenderize the batter components (rice and lentils).
The combination of $\text{CO}_2$ production (from yeast) and lactic acid formation (from bacteria) leads to the desirable airy texture and distinct taste of South Indian idli and dosa.
Conclusion on Fermentation Type
Therefore, the fermentation process for idli and dosa batter is correctly identified as a mixed lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.
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Important Questions from Miscellaneous
- Which of the following relationships is/are not true?
(A). Most probable velocity = $\sqrt{\frac{2RT}{M}}$
(B). PV = $\frac{3}{2}kT$
(C). Compressibility factor Z = $\frac{pV}{nRT}$
(D). Average kinetic energy of gas = $\frac{1}{2}kT$
Choose the correct answer from the options given below - Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II Electronic Configuration First Ionisation energy (kJ mol$^{-1}$) (A). ns$^2$ (I). 2100 (B). ns$^2$np$^1$ (II). 1400 (C). ns$^2$np$^3$ (III). 800 (D). ns$^2$np$^6$ (IV). 900
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - The shielding constant of a 2p electron (calculated using Slater's rules) is
- Match List-I with List-II
List-I List-II Spectroscopy Property (A). Raman (I). Polarizability (B). FTIR (II). Dipole Moment (C). UV-Visible (III). Absorbance (D). NMR (IV). Spin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - The structure of protein comprises of:
(A). Primary structure of protein is associated with amino acids
(B). Secondary structure of protein is associated to peptides
(C). Tertiary structure of protein is associated with polypeptide chains
(D). Quaternary structure of protein is associated with polypeptide chains
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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