Elvesland is a country that has peculiar beliefs and practices. They express almost all their emotions by gifting flowers. For instance, if anyone gifts a white flower to someone, then it is always taken to be a declaration of one's love for that person. In a similar manner, the gifting of a yellow flower to someone often means that one is angry with that person. Based only on the information provided above, which one of the following sets of statement(s) can be logically inferred with certainty? (i) In Elvesland, one always declares one's love by gifting a white flower. (ii) In Elvesland, all emotions are declared by gifting flowers. (iii) In Elvesland, sometimes one expresses one's anger by gifting a flower that is not yellow. (iv) In Elvesland, sometimes one expresses one's love by gifting a white flower.
Logical Inference from Elvesland's Flower Gifting Rules
The question asks us to identify statements that can be logically inferred with certainty based *only* on the provided information about Elvesland's customs.
We are given two key rules:
- Gifting a white flower is always interpreted as a declaration of love. (White Flower → Love)
- Gifting a yellow flower often means anger. (Yellow Flower → Often Anger)
Let's analyze each statement:
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Statement (i): "In Elvesland, one always declares one's love by gifting a white flower."
This statement claims that the *only* way to declare love is by gifting a white flower (Love → White Flower). However, the provided text only states that a white flower *means* love (White Flower → Love). It does not exclude other methods of declaring love. Therefore, statement (i) cannot be inferred with certainty.
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Statement (ii): "In Elvesland, all emotions are declared by gifting flowers."
The text explicitly states "almost all their emotions" are expressed this way. The term "almost all" implies that not all emotions are expressed by gifting flowers. Thus, statement (ii) is directly contradicted by the given information and cannot be inferred.
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Statement (iii): "In Elvesland, sometimes one expresses one's anger by gifting a flower that is not yellow."
We know that a yellow flower *often* signifies anger. The text provides no information about whether flowers of other colors (not yellow) can signify anger. We cannot make assumptions beyond the provided text. Therefore, statement (iii) cannot be inferred with certainty.
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Statement (iv): "In Elvesland, sometimes one expresses one's love by gifting a white flower."
The rule states that gifting a white flower is *always* taken as a declaration of love. This directly confirms that gifting a white flower is a method used to express love. Since it's a confirmed method, it is certainly true that this happens "sometimes". Therefore, statement (iv) can be inferred with certainty.
Based on the analysis, only statement (iv) can be logically inferred with certainty.
Important Questions from Logical Inferences
Based on the statements in (1) – (4), which option/s is/are correct?
(1) Thor has a female sibling
(2) Thor has a sister
(3) Thor has visited New Delhi
(4) Thor has visited IndiaIn 2022, June Huh was awarded the Fields medal, which is the highest prize in Mathematics.
When he was younger, he was also a poet. He did not win any medals in the International Mathematics Olympiads. He dropped out of college.
Based only on the above information, which one of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?- In a recently conducted national entrance test, boys constituted 65% of those who appeared for the test. Girls constituted the remaining candidates and they accounted for 60% of the qualified candidates.
Which one of the following is the correct logical inference based on the information provided in the above passage? A duck named Donald Duck says “All ducks always lie."
Based only on the information above, which one of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
A recent survey shows that 65% of tobacco users were advised to stop consuming tobacco. The survey also shows that 3 out of 10 tobacco users attempted to stop using tobacco.
Based only on the information in the above passage, which one of the following options can be logically inferred with certainty?
