Sickle Cell Anaemia: Statement Analysis

This question asks us to identify the incorrect statement(s) among the given options regarding Sickle Cell Anaemia. Let's analyze each statement carefully.

Analysis of Statements

• Statement i: It is caused due to genetic mutation.

  Sickle Cell Anaemia is indeed a hereditary blood disorder. It arises from a specific mutation in the HBB gene, which provides instructions for making a protein component of haemoglobin. This genetic basis is well-established.

  Conclusion: Statement i is correct.

• Statement ii: It affects the shape of red blood cells and makes the inability to carry oxygen.

  The genetic mutation in Sickle Cell Anaemia leads to the production of abnormal haemoglobin, known as haemoglobin S (HbS). HbS causes red blood cells, which are normally round and flexible, to become rigid and adopt a sickle or crescent shape, especially under low oxygen conditions. These sickle-shaped cells are less effective at carrying oxygen compared to normal red blood cells and can also block blood flow.

  Conclusion: Statement ii is correct.

• Statement iii: It can be treated by bone marrow or stem cell transplantation.

  Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation is currently the only potential cure for Sickle Cell Anaemia. This procedure involves replacing the patient's bone marrow, which produces faulty red blood cells, with healthy bone marrow from a donor. It is a complex treatment but offers a chance for a lifelong cure.

  Conclusion: Statement iii is correct.

• Statement iv: Sick Cell Disease causes the body to make normal haemoglobin.

  This statement is fundamentally incorrect. Sickle Cell Disease is characterized by the body's inability to produce sufficient amounts of normal haemoglobin (haemoglobin A). Instead, due to the genetic mutation, the body produces abnormal haemoglobin S (HbS), which leads to the characteristic sickling of red blood cells.

  Conclusion: Statement iv is incorrect.

Identifying the Incorrect Statement(s)

Based on the detailed analysis above:

• Statements i, ii, and iii are correct descriptions of Sickle Cell Anaemia.
• Statement iv incorrectly claims that the disease results in the production of normal haemoglobin.

Deriving the Final Answer

The question asks for the incorrect statement(s). We have identified that only statement iv is incorrect.

Therefore, the option that lists only the incorrect statement is the correct answer.