Analyzing Statements on Sex Ratio in India

Let's examine each statement regarding the sex ratio in India to determine their accuracy.

Statement 1: Sex Ratio Calculation

• The statement defines the sex ratio in India as the number of females per thousand males.
• This is the standard and widely accepted method for calculating the sex ratio in India and many other countries. It helps in understanding the gender balance within the population.
• Therefore, Statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2: Child Sex Ratio Age Group

• The statement claims the child sex ratio in India is calculated for the 0-14 age population.
• In India, the child sex ratio is specifically defined and calculated for the age group of 0-6 years, not 0-14 years. This distinction is crucial for demographic analysis.
• Thus, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 3: Sex Ratio Trends (Child vs. Elderly)

• This statement contrasts the sex ratio for the child population (0-6 years) with that of the elderly population (60+).
• Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): Data from recent censuses has shown a declining or 'adverse' trend in the child sex ratio in many parts of India, indicating fewer girls per 1000 boys in this age group.
• Sex Ratio for Elderly (60+): Generally, the sex ratio for the elderly population is more 'favourable' (i.e., higher number of females per 1000 males). This is often attributed to the higher life expectancy of women compared to men.
• Therefore, Statement 3 is correct.

Statement 4: Highest Sex Ratio in Census 2011

• The statement asserts that Tamil Nadu had the highest overall sex ratio according to the Census 2011.
• According to Census 2011 data, the state with the highest overall sex ratio was Kerala, with 1084 females per 1000 males. Tamil Nadu had a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males.
• Consequently, Statement 4 is incorrect.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, only statements 1 and 3 are correct. The correct option includes these two statements.