Understanding Ashoka's Inscriptions: A Detailed Analysis

This solution provides an in-depth explanation of the statements regarding Emperor Ashoka's inscriptions, helping to understand their historical context and significance. We will analyze each statement individually to determine their accuracy.

Statement 1: Ashoka's Edicts and the Propagation of Dhamma

The first statement asserts that Ashoka's edicts are primarily known for propagating his policy of Dhamma. Let's examine this:

• Ashoka's Dhamma: Dhamma, in the context of Ashoka's reign, was not a specific religion but rather a set of ethical principles and a code of conduct. It emphasized virtues like non-violence (ahimsa), tolerance, compassion, respect for elders, and generosity.
• Edicts as Propagation Tools: Ashoka adopted this policy after the Kalinga War, deeply affected by the bloodshed. He saw his inscriptions, engraved on pillars, rocks, and cave walls across his empire and beyond, as the primary means to communicate his Dhamma principles to his subjects. These edicts served as royal proclamations, guiding people towards a righteous and moral life.
• Primary Focus: Historical consensus confirms that the vast majority of Ashoka's surviving inscriptions are dedicated to explaining and promoting his concept of Dhamma. Therefore, this statement is factually correct.

Statement 2: The Kandahar Bilingual Inscription

The second statement focuses on the Kandahar Bilingual Inscription, claiming it features both Aramaic and Greek scripts. Let's verify this:

• Location and Discovery: The Kandahar Bilingual Inscription was found in Old Kandahar (ancient Alexandria Arachosia), Afghanistan.
• Scripts and Languages: This significant inscription is indeed written in two different scripts and languages. One part is in Greek, and the other is in Aramaic. This reflects the multi-lingual and multi-cultural nature of the northwestern part of Ashoka's empire.
• Content: The inscription generally conveys messages aligned with Ashoka's Dhamma, urging respect for all beings and adherence to moral principles.
• Accuracy: The description of the inscription featuring both Aramaic and Greek scripts is accurate.

Conclusion: Evaluating the Statements on Ashoka's Inscriptions

Based on the analysis of each statement:

• Statement 1 is true, as Ashoka's edicts are fundamentally linked to the propagation of his Dhamma policy.
• Statement 2 is true, as the Kandahar Bilingual Inscription is factually known to be written in both Aramaic and Greek.

Since both statements are accurate, the correct option is the one that indicates that both statements are true.