Term Description 1. Early decelerations Most common during labour and are due to
cord compression2. Late decelerations Result due to any process leading to maternal
hypotension, placental insufficiency or
excessive uterine activity3. Variable decelerations Are due to head compression leading to vagal
stimulation
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Foetal Heart Decelerations Matching Analysis
This section examines the provided pairs of terms and descriptions concerning foetal heart decelerations during labour to identify correct matches.
Analysis of Pair 1: Early Decelerations
Term: Early decelerations
Provided Description: Most common during labour and are due to cord compression
Evaluation: Early decelerations are characteristically caused by fetal head compression, which elicits a vagal response. They start and end gradually with uterine contractions. Cord compression is typically linked to variable decelerations, not early ones. Thus, this match is incorrect.
Analysis of Pair 2: Late Decelerations
Term: Late decelerations
Provided Description: Result due to any process leading to maternal hypotension, placental insufficiency or excessive uterine activity
Evaluation: Late decelerations signify fetal hypoxia and occur after the uterine contraction has peaked. The provided description accurately lists common causes: placental insufficiency, maternal hypotension, or uterine hyperstimulation, all of which reduce oxygen transfer to the fetus. This match is correct.
Analysis of Pair 3: Variable Decelerations
Term: Variable decelerations
Provided Description: Are due to head compression leading to vagal stimulation
Evaluation: Variable decelerations are abrupt, transient drops in fetal heart rate that vary in shape and depth. Their most frequent cause is umbilical cord compression. Head compression typically results in early decelerations. Therefore, this match is incorrect.
Conclusion: Correctly Matched Pairs
Summarizing the analysis:
- Pair 1 (Early decelerations and cord compression) is incorrectly matched.
- Pair 2 (Late decelerations and placental issues/maternal hypotension/excessive uterine activity) is correctly matched.
- Pair 3 (Variable decelerations and head compression) is incorrectly matched.
Only the description for late decelerations (Pair 2) is accurate.
Important Questions from Normal Labour
Which of the following features are correct regarding onset of true labour?
1. Regular uterine contractions
2. Progressive cervical dilation and effacement
3. Presence of show
4. Labour and delivery are synonymous
Select the answer using the code given below.
- According to the WHO Intrapartum Care Guidelines, 2018, the active phase of labour starts from what dilation of cervix?
Onset of labour is initiated by which of the following?
1. Uterine distension
2. Increased CRH and ACTH from foetal hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis
3. Increased level of progesterone immediately before labour
4. Increased synthesis of myometrial receptors for oxytocin due to effect of oestrogen
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- The normal rate of dilatation of the cervix in a primigravida in the active phase of labor is
- Regarding the phenomenon of 'lightening' in primigravida at term pregnancy, which one of the following statements is correct?
