Consider the following clinical features: 1. Raised ICP 2. Seizures 3. Focal deficit 4. Headache Which of the above clinical features are related to most brain tumours?
Common Brain Tumor Clinical Features
Brain tumors often manifest through symptoms related to increased pressure within the skull or direct damage to brain tissue. Recognizing these common clinical features is key.
- Raised ICP: Increased intracranial pressure is a frequent consequence of brain tumors, arising from the tumor's volume, associated swelling (edema), or blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways.
- Seizures: Tumors can trigger seizures by disrupting the normal electrical activity of the brain cortex. This is a common presenting symptom, particularly for tumors located superficially.
- Focal Deficit: The specific location of the tumor dictates the neurological deficits it causes. These deficits reflect the loss of function in the affected brain area (e.g., motor weakness, sensory changes, speech impairment).
- Headache: Headaches are very common and can stem from raised ICP, tumor growth, inflammation, or vascular changes within or around the tumor.
Since all four features listed are widely recognized as common clinical manifestations of most brain tumors, the option including all of them is the most accurate.
Therefore, the clinical features related to most brain tumors are 1. Raised ICP, 2. Seizures, 3. Focal deficit, and 4. Headache.
Important Questions from Brain & Nervous System Surgery
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities are associated with brain tumours?
1. Neurofibromatosis type 1
2. Neurofibromatosis type 2
3. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
4. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- The most common type of brain tumours associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 brain tumour syndrome is
Upper motor neuron lesions are characterized by which of the following?
1. Increased tone spasticity
2. Hyperreflexia
3. Absent plantar response
4. Motor weakness
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
A comatose patient after sustaining severe head injury has been admitted in neurosurgical ICU. Which of the following parameters should ideally be maintained in this patient ?
1. $pCO_2 = 4.5 – 5.0$ kPa ($33-38$ mm Hg)
2. MAP = $80 – 90$ mm of Hg
3. $pO_2 > 11$ kPa ($> 80$ mm Hg)
4. $Na^+ < 130$ meq/L
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
- A patient with suspected head injury is brought to the emergency following road traffic accident. At the time of examination, patient is conscious with GCS 14/15 and stable vitals. There is bleeding from right ear and CSF leak from nose. Bruising is present behind the right ear. The most probable clinical diagnosis in this patient is
